The present book is the most exploring book on the human anatomy from ayurvedic point of view while correlating the same with the modern knowledge acquired over the period of time. The book is one of the most delightful treats for an inquisitive mind wishing to understand the anatomy of the human body with the deep rooted knowledge as described of the human body with the deep rooted knowledge as described in Ayurvedic texts by great scholars of all times including sushurta Samhita Charak Samhita, Ashtang Hridya and others. This book is an earnest attempt to explore the knowledge to its deepest origin based on the principle of “believe in what you see” or in other words how Ayurvedic Scientists look into the body, what they conceived, Perceived and observed. The author has critically taken note of all the descriptions and after correlating the same with his own experienced acquired over five decades of his association with Ayurveda and has tried to present the most impartial and acceptable view regarding the mysteries of human body.
The whole book has been prepared on the basis of different disciplines of human anatomy such as Garbh Sharir, Sira, Sira Dhammi Sharir. Srotas Sharir, Asthi Shrir, Marma Sharir, Peshi Shrir, Indriya Sharir, Tantrika Sharir, etc. This chapterwise description is again important for graduate and postgraduate level scholars of Ayurveda. From the examination point of view the book covers the syllabus approved by the Central Council of Indian Medicine , Delhi and a number of other Universities and Colleges imparting the education in the faculty of Ayurveda.
Attempt has been made to provide a systematic stream of knowledge which may be able to develop scientific intent in the minds of the readers.
The author feels that with the changing global scenario and transformation of the world into ‘global village’, it becomes imperative to come up with an authorartive text on Ayurveda, which may be able to provide opportunity to those coming from non-Hindi speaking regions of India as well as from abroad.
Understanding of human anatomy is the very basis for initiating as study into any healthcare system. Ayurveda is no exception. However there has been an earnest requirement for providing a good Ayurvedic text book on human Anatomy with pictorial presentation. The present book fills the void.
The creator of ‘Loka’ God Brahma created first of all ayurveda followed by other creations,’ and then passed on the knowledge to various Gods, which was then transferred to mortals. Thus ãyurveda descended from its celestial to terrestrial stage for benefit of humanity. Every sentient has intrinsic desire not only to live long healthy life but also to have good progoney possessing best qualities. The man ever since knew the method to communicate or dessiminate knowledge started transcripting it with the available tools for the benefit of next generation. First written record i.e. Vedas have described various aspects pertaining to health and diseae, including procreation most important for continuation of races. Healthy plant comes with healthy seed, soil, season water so is the human being. The health is cyclic i.e. healthy seed —> healthy embryo/foetus —> healthy child —>healthy adult —> healthy old age, in other words the knowledge of basics i.e. seed and embryo is imperative for healthy society. In vedic literature ãyurveda is maximum in magico religious form and references pertaining to seed and embryo etc. are scattered almost in entire texts. To provide nourishment to the foetus ausadhi (drugs), SinIvãli, Saraswat, Indra, Varuna and Mwinis etc. are worshipped’. Nourishment of the foetus through nãbhi nãdi (umbilical cord) considered as poaka, prãnadhraka and nourisher to sustain life is seen2. The ulva (vernix caseosa) offers protection to the foetus and jarãyu (chorion and amnion) gives a shining appearance or adorns it3. Though similar description about various aspects of embryo/foetus are referred in Vedas and Kalpa sütras etc. yet systemic or month wise growth and development of foetus is lacking but for Garbhopanisad. The statments, that fertilized egg becomes budbuda (blastocyst) in seven and pinda (collapsing stage of blastocyst) in fifteen days; and development of prhavatha in fifth month (spinal cord - the abnormalities like Spinabifidã etc. can not be diagnosed unequivocally before this period) are appreciable4 Ayurvedic classics present different subjects of Ayurveda in most systemetized way, them under eight specialized branches, wherein entire subject of obstetrics, gynaecology, and paediatrics is described under the heading of Kaumarabhrtya. Tremendous advances witnessed in twentieth century have changed the face of scientific world, medical field being no exception. Though ãyurvedic classics have described various subjects in great details, yet, their explanations in modern terminology are necessiated by inquisitive attitude of present day students more so foriegn students. Arena of subjects has widened creating new vistas of specialities. Embryology a part of obstetric/anatomy in past is now becomming speciality, which is having a drastic change due to recent under-standing of genetics. In tune with the demand of teachers and taught alike, Prof. D. G. Thatte a prolific writer, good administrator, conscientious academician, above all inquisitive devoted scholar wrote a book on Human embryology (Manava bhrüiia vijñana), probably the first book on the subject thirtyseven years back, which remained a landmark in the subject till today. Though in ãyurvedic classics bija, bija-bhaga and bijabhagavayava terms denoting respectively ovum/sperm, chromosome and gene are described, yet need scientific understanding in light of present day’s advances. To accomplish this goal Prof. Thatte has written this new book entitled ‘Embryology in Ayurveda’, incorporating concepts mentioned in ayurvedic classics, recapitulating textual references vis-a-vis their explanation with latest know-ledge as-well-as illustrations. I am sure that modern embryologist and ãyurvedists both will be highly benefited with this book. Rather it would be a boon to them and a milestone in the field of embryology. I pray goddess Saraswati to bestow upon Prof. D. G. Thatte vision, wisdom, will-power, energy and health with good longevity to serve her for many more years to come.
Prof. D.G.Thatte, Founder/Director of All India Sharir Research Institute has tremendous experience in the field of Ayurveda teaching, research and writing books. Prof. Thatte is one of the luminaries of Ayurveda. Born in a Maharashthan family with an academic intent, Prof. Thatte from the very beginning was interested in Ayurveda and1 Indian Medicine. Prof. Thatte opted for teaching carrier putting aside all the lucrative offers. During his illustrious carrier as a teacher and administrator Prof. Thatte has been honoured with over dozens of Awards and Fellowships including Dr. Birbal Sahani Scientific Award, State Award, Ayurveda Siromani Award, Ratna Sadsya- fellow of National AyurvedaAcademy, New Delhi, Life Time Achievement Award, National Integrated Association, Aligarah, Ayurveda Martand from Pune. Prof. Thatte has also been honoured by the title of “Icon in Ayurveda” by Prof. A.P.J: Kalam Ex. President of India, at Ayurvedic College, Khurja. Recently in March 2011, he was honoured by faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. Lifting the lamp till mid night, even after attaining the age of octogenarian, he is still working hard for developing All India Sharir Research Institute, Lucknow as Center of Exellence in Sharir. Need not say Prof. Thatte is “Monk of Ayurveda”.
Dr.Bhuvesh Gupta is one of the versatile scholar of Sharir Rachana. He obtained his bachelor’s degree and post graduate degree in Ayurveda from Lucknow University, Lucknow in the year 2008. After obtaining M.D. degree in Sharir Rachana he was appointed as Lecturer in Sharir Rachana Department in Sri Sai Ayurvedic Medical College, Aligarah, (U.P.). His scholarly performance got him selected by Union Public Service Commission, New Dethi for the coveted post of Medical officer in Central Government Health Scheme (C.G.H.S.), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India. Presently he is working as Incharge Ayurvedic unit Lucknow in C.G.H.S.He has presented many valuable research papers in Sharir in different scientific seminars and workshops organised by Ayurvedic Institutions of the country, which have been published in national journals of Ayurveda. His academic taste is still alive which keeps him inspired kwcreative contributions in Ayurveda. Dr. Gupta’s continued aociation with Prof. Thatte is the outcome of the present aribution i.e. Embryology in Ayurveda. Many more contributions are awaited from him.
Authors of this book ‘Embryology in Ayurveda’ have great sense of satisfaction in finallydocumenting ‘the script. Long back in 1975 Prof. Thätte chooscd. to write a second book of his carrier titled ‘Manav Bhruna Vigyan’. He was inspired for this job by Late Prof. Raghuveer Prasad Trivedi of Hathrasa. The proposal was supported by Late Dr. Mukundi Lal Dwivedi, Ex. Director of Ayurveda U.P. and Vice Chancelor, Gujrat Ayurveda University, Jamnagar. The book was written in Hindi language and was published by Ayurveda & Tibbi Academy, Govt. of U.P. After gaining more than fifty years of experience in teaching the subject of embryology to Ayurvedic scholars, Prof. Thatte felt that there are many gaps in the presentation of embryology while teaching Bhruna Vigyan in present scenario of developed medical science. Prof. Thatte picked up one of his most talented and devoted disciple Dr. Bhuvesh Gupta (M.D. Ay.), presently *orking as Medical Officer, Incharge Ayurvedic Unit, C, GH.S. Lucknow. Though Dr. Bhuvesh Gupta r sat as a class room disciple of Prof. Thatte, but actually got lessons of Sharir at higher level from iflf. Suresh Chandra presently working as incipal, Govt. Ayurveda College, Bareily who himself is a disciple of Prof. Thatte. Therefore Prof. Thatte feels obliged to Prof. Suresh Chandra for inspiring Dr. Gupta’s to associate with Prof. Thatte in the development of All India Sharir Research Institute, Lucknow. Dr. Bhuvesh Gupta’s association with Prof. Thatte proved beneficial for advancing and keeping pace with latest and current researches in the subject of embryology. It is only wish of the God Balaji Tirupati which made scientific zygote of Prof. Thatte and Dr. Gupta which prepared this most valuable gift to the Ayurvedic world. Both the authors while writing this acknowledgement feels oblidged to their mentors and parents for their moral support. Both the Authors are also grateful to their life partners Dr. (Mrs.) Vimleshwari and Dr.(Mrs.) Anshuma Gupta (M.S. Shalya) for their continued moral support while documenting this book. Authors also wish to acknowledge pains and sincerity of M/s Anurag Photostat for giving this book a model shape. It is expected that Ayurvedie research and educational Institutes will make good use of this book for rehabilitating the authencity of Ayurvedic versions concerning embryology.
S.NO | Title | Page No |
1 | SRJSHTI UTPA TTI KRAMA | 1 |
(a)Prakriti, Vikriti and Purusha | 5 | |
(b)Similarities and Dissimilarities of Prakriti And Purusha | 13 | |
(c)Srishti Utapatti (development of universe) | 14 | |
2 | GARBH AND GARBHA VAKRANTI | 20 |
(a)Garbha | 20 | |
(b)Garbhavakranti | 24 | |
(c)Role of Vayu and KQrma Swabhava | 32 | |
(d)Formation of Manushya Beeja (Human Genome) | 36 | |
3 | ROLE OF SHAD BHAVA IN FOETAL GROWTH | 37 |
(a)Role of MatrU Bhava | 42 | |
(b)Role of Pitrzj Bhava | 43 | |
(c)Role of Atmaj Bhava | 43 | |
(d)Role of Satmyaj Bhava | 46 | |
(e)Role of Rasaj Bhava | 47 | |
(f)Role of Satvaj Bhava | 48 | |
4 | GARBH VRIDDHIKAR BLIA VA (EMBRYONIC GROWTH FACTORS) | 50 |
(a)Ritu | 51 | |
(b)Kshetra | 54 | |
(c) Ambu | 56 | |
(d)Beej | 57 | |
(e) Criteria of Shuddha Shukra (Ideal semen and sperm) | 62 | |
(f)Anatomy of Shukra (Sperm) | 63 | |
(g)Anatomy of Vikrit Shukranu (Abnormal sperm) | 64 | |
(h)Criteria for Ashuddha Shukra (Unhealthy or impure semen) | 64 | |
(i)Criteria of Shuddha Artava (Healthy menstrual blood) | 66 | |
(j)Anatomy of Shonit or Dimb (ovum) - Antah Pushpa | 67 | |
(j)Criteria of Ashuddha Artava (Unhealthy menstrual blood) | 68 | |
5 | ROLE OF PANCHMAHABHUTA AND TRIDOSHA IN FOETAL DEVELOPMENT | 70 |
(a)Akashiya components | 76 | |
(b)Vayaviya components | 76 | |
(c)Agneya components | 77 | |
(d)Jaliya components | 78 | |
(e)Parthiv components | 78 | |
(f)General aspects of development | 81 | |
(g)Growth processes in reference to Mahabhuta and Tridosh | 83 | |
(h)Garbh Poshana (Nutrition of the embryo) | 85 | |
(i)Special Role of Tridosha and Panhrnahabhuta | 86 | |
(j)Antra (gut) | 87 | |
(j)Ashaya (hollow viscera) | 88 | |
(k)Jihva (tongue) | 88 | |
(l)Srotas (tubular structures) and Peshi (muscle) | 88 | |
(m)Twacha (skin) | 89 | |
(n)Kala (membrane) | 89 | |
(o)Netra & Netra Varma | 90 | |
(p)Twacha Varna (skin colour) | 93 | |
(q)Vrikka (two kidneys) | 94 | |
(r)Vrishan (testes) | 94 | |
(s)Hridaya (heart) | 94 | |
(t)Yakrit (liver), Phuphus (lung) and Unduk (caecum) | 94 | |
6 | DETERMINATION OF ANTENATAL SEX | 95 |
(a) Preferred Sex of Child | 100 | |
(b) Foetal sex determination | 104 | |
7 | MASANUMASIK GARBHA VIKAS KRAMA (MONTH WISE FOETAL DEVELOPMENT) | 105 |
(a)Masanumasik garbha vriddhi | 108 | |
(b)First month- Kalalavastha | 109 | |
(c)Gastrulation | 113 | |
(d)Endodermal layer | 113 | |
(e)Mesodermal layer | 113 | |
(f)Ectodermal layer | 114 | |
(g)Week wise development of Kalal in first month | 114 | |
(h)Early embryonic stages of development | 115 | |
(i)Implantation | 116 | |
(j)Ectopic implantation | 117 | |
(k)Extraembryonic Supporting and nourishing structures | 118 | |
(l)Ulva (amnion) | 118 | |
(m)Garbhodak (amniotic fluid) | 118 | |
(n)Peetak kosha (yolk sac) | 119 | |
(o)Nabhi nadi (umbilical cord) | 120 | |
(p)Anomalies of Nabhi nadi (umbilical cord) | 120 | |
(q)Apara (placenta) formation | 121 | |
(r)Shape of the Apara (placenta) | 124 | |
(s)Matraj apara (maternal placenta) | 124 | |
(t)Garbhaj apara (foetal placenta) | 124 | |
(u)Functions of the apara (placenta) | 125 | |
(v)Apara Vikriti | 125 | |
(w)Jarayu | 126 | |
(x)Jarayu Dosha (Chorionic Anomalies) | 128 | |
(y)Apara poshika (Allantois) | 128 | |
(z)Garbha Rasa Samvahan (Foetal Circulation) | 129 | |
(aa)Garbh Matrtz Paratanrata (Embryonic dependence on mother) | 135 | |
(ab)General factors for foetal growth, differentiation and specjaljsat ion | 137 | |
(ac)Second month - Ghanavastha | 139 | |
(ad)Third month - Panch Pindikavastha | 143 | |
(ae)Fourth month – Douhrjdavastha (vyaktangavastha) | 149 | |
(af)Fifth month - Mana Prabuddhavastha | 153 | |
(ag)Sixth month- Prabuddhavastha and Snayu, Sira, Romadi Vyaktavastha | 157 | |
(ah)Seventh month - Sarvang Praryang Vyaktavastha | 159 | |
(ai)Eighth month- Oja Sancharanavastha | 160 | |
(aj)Ninth and tenth month – Prasavavastha. | 163 | |
8 | GENETICS IN AYURVEDA (CONCEPTUAL APPROACH) | 167 |
(a) Concept of Beej, Babhaga and Babhagavayav (Chromosomes and Genes) | 170 | |
(b)Components of Deha Parmanu | 176 | |
(c)What is gene.. | 177 | |
(d)Mutatioh | 178 | |
(e)Theory of Atulya Gotra and Tulya Gotra (Sam gotra) | 180 | |
9 | GARBHAJ VIKRITI (FOETAL ANOMALIES) | 182 |
(a)Etiological factors of Garbhaj Vilcriti (Congenital defects) | 185 | |
(b)Foetal anomalies’ | 190 | |
(c)Yamal Garbha | 196 | |
(d)Sushruta’s Observations regarding development of Perverted Sex | 199 | |
(e)Anasthi Garbh (Boneless Embryo) | 202 | |
(f)Ashta Nindaniya Purush (Eight undesired & unnatural body constitutions) | 203 | |
(g)Jati Smar | 207 | |
10 | GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF SROTAS 208 | 208 |
11 | DEVELOPMENT OF MAHA SROTAS OR ANNA VAHA SROTAS (GUT SYSTEM) | 213 |
(a)Anomalies of Annavaha Srotas | 216 | |
– Jihva (Tongue) | 216 | |
– Anna Nalika (Oesophagus) | 216 | |
(b)Amashava (Stomach) | 216 | |
-Right sided Amashaya (Stomach).. | 216 | |
-Jathar Nirgam Alcunchan (Pyloric Stenosis) | 217 | |
(c)NabhigatAflfr Vriddhj (Umbilical Hernia) | 217 | |
(d) Meckel’s diverticulum | 217 | |
(e)Duodenum | 217 | |
(f)Antra Puchha or Krimyashaya (wormiform appendix) | 217 | |
(g)Anomalous Positjon of Antra Puchha | 218 | |
(h)Abnormal Guda (Anus) | 219 | |
-Adhidril guda (imperforate anus) | 219 | |
-Bhagandar (Anal fistuIa) | 219 | |
(i)Abnormal Kloma (Gall Bladder) | 219 | |
(j)Abnormal Agnyashaya (Pancreas) | 220 | |
(k)Abnormalities of Unduk (Caecum) | 220 | |
12 | DEVELOPME OF PRANA VAIL4 SROTAS AND RASA VAHA SROTAS | 221 |
(a)Development of Nasa and Para Nasa Vivar (Nose and Paranasal Sinuses) | 223 | |
(b)Development of Swar Yantra (Laxynx), Shwas Pranali (Trachea) and Phuphs (Lungs) | 223 | |
(c)Development of Hridaya (Heart) | 224 | |
(d)Development of SA Node and Chetna in heart | 225 | |
(e)Develpment of Hardiki Dhamanj (Coronary arteries) | 226 | |
(f)Development of Dhamanj (Arteries) | 226 | |
(g)Development of Lasika Tantra (Lymphatic system) | 226 | |
(h)Anomalies of Pranvaha and Rasavaha Srotas | 227 | |
(i)Anomalies of Phuphg (Lung) | 227 | |
(j)Shwas Pranali (Trachea) | 227 | |
(k)Transposition of Koshthanga (Viscera) | 228 | |
(l)Defects of Hridaya Kapat (Valvular defects) | 228 | |
(m)Defects of Maha Dhamani Chap (Arch of AOrta) | 229 | |
13 | DEVELOPMENT OF MANOVAHA SROTAS OR TANTRIKA TANTRA (NERVOUS SYSTEM) | 230 |
(a)Development of Mastishka (Brain) and Sushumna (Spinal Cord) | 232 | |
(b)Development of Panch Gyanendriya (Peripheral Sensory organs) | 234 | |
(c)Development of Chakshu Indriyadhishthan (Eyes) | 235 | |
(d)Development of Karnendriyadhishthan (Ear) | 236 | |
(e)Development of Ghranendriyadhishthan. (Nose) | 237 | |
(f)Development of Rasnendriyadhishthan (Tongue) | 237 | |
(g)Development of Sprashnendriyadhishthan or Twak (Skin) | 238 | |
(h)Anomalies of Tantrika Tantra | 239 | |
-Jala Shirsha (Hydrocephalus) | 239 | |
-Sushumna Anta Vibhajan (Spina Bifida) | 240 | |
-Sheersh Heenta (Anencephaly) | 240 | |
-Mastishkavaran Vriddhi (Meniñgocele): | 240 | |
-Laghu Sheersha (Microcephalus) | 240 | |
(i)Developmental Anomalies of Jihva (Tongue) | 241 | |
-Guru Jihva (Macroglossia) | 241 | |
-Laghu Jihva (Microglossia) | 241 | |
-Sarpil Jihva (Bifid or Trifid Tongue) | 241 | |
(j)Developmental Anomalies of Nasika (Nose) | 241 | |
(k)Developmetal Anomalies of the Netra (Eye) | 241 | |
(l)Developmental Anomalies of Twacha (Skin) | 242 | |
(m)Developmental Anomalies of Karna (Ear) | 242 | |
(n)Development of Karmendriya | 243 | |
(o)Development of Hasta (Upper Limb) and Pada (Lower limb) | 243 | |
(p)Anomalies of Upper and Lower limbs | 244 | |
-Bhujaheen (amelus) | 244 | |
-Ardhabhujak (Hemimelus) | 244 | |
-Urdhwqbhujaheen (Phocomelus) | 244 | |
-Sanyukta Sakthi (Sympodia) | 244 | |
-Vidar or Nakhar Panja (Lobster’s claw) | 244 | |
-Bahu Anguliya (Polydactyly) | 244 | |
-Sanyukta Anguliya (Syndactyly) | 244 | |
-Sukshmanguli (Brachydactyly) | 245 | |
-Mudgar Pad (Talipes equinovorus) | 245 | |
14 | DEVELOPMENT OF SH1JKRA VA HA AND ARTA VA VAHA SROTAS (REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS) | |
Development of Vrishan (Testes) | ||
Development of Beef Granthi (Ovary) | ||
Development of Artavavaha Srotas (Organs female reproductive systems) | ||
-Poorva Madhya Vrikka Vahini (Paramesonephric duct / Mullerian duct) | ||
-Bartholin Granthi | ||
Development of Shukravaha Srotas (Male Reproductive Organs) | ||
-Ashthila Granthi or Pourush grant hi (Prostate gland) | ||
-Kand Mutrapath granthi (Bulbo-.urethral glands or Glands of Cowper) | ||
-Shukra Prapika (Seminal vesicles) | ||
Development of Bahya Purush Janananga (Male genital organs) | ||
Development of Janan Gulika (Genital tubercie) and Medhra or Shephas (Phallus or Penis) | ||
Anomalies of Artavavaha Srotas (Female reproductive organs) | ||
Anomalies of Shukravaha Srotas (Male reproductive organs) | ||
-Anavtarita Vrishana (Undscended testes) | ||
-Ectopia Testes | ||
-Inversion of testes | ||
15 | DEVELOPMENT OF MUTRA VAHA SROTAS AND PURISHVAHA SROTAS | 254 |
(a)Development of Poorva Vrikka (Pronephros) | 255 | |
(b)Development of Madhya Vrikka (Mesonephros) | 255 | |
(c)Development of Sthayee Vrikka (Metanephros or permanent kidney) | 256 | |
(d)Vrikkavarohan (Ascent of kidney) | 257 | |
(e)Development of Mutrashaya (Urinary bladder) | 257 | |
(f)Development of Mutra Praseka (Male urethra) | 258 | |
(g)Development of Stree Mutra Marga or Prasek (Female urethra) | 258 | |
(h)Anomalies of Mutravaha Srotas | 258 | |
- Vrikka Heenata (Renal agensis) | 258 | |
-Shronigat Vrikka (Pelvic Kidney) | 258 | |
-Fused Kidney | 258 | |
-Polycystic Kidney | 258 | |
-Hydronepheric kidney | 258 | |
(i)Anomalies of Gavini (Ureter) | 259 | |
-Dwi Gonika (Double Ureteric Pelvis) | 259 | |
-Dwibhajit Gavini (Bifid Ureter) | 259 | |
-Bahir Gavini Chhidra (Ectopic ureteric orifice) | 259 | |
-Pascha Mahasira Gavini (Retrocaval Ureter) | 259 | |
(j)Development of Purishavaha Srotas | 259 | |
16 | DEVELOPMENT OF RAKTA VAHA SROTAS | 261 |
(a)Development of Yakrit (Liver) | 261 | |
(b)Development of Agnyashaya (Pancreas) | 262 | |
(c)Development of Pleeha (Spleen) | 263 | |
(d)Development ófRakta and Rakta Vahini (Blood and blood vessels) | 263 | |
17 | DEVELOPMENT OF MANSA VA HA SROTAS | 265 |
18 | DEVELOPMENT OF ASTHI VA HA MAJJAVAHA AND MEDOVAHA SROTAS | 268 |
Definition Of Asthi Prasu (Osteoblast), Asthi Koshika (Osteocyte) and Asthi Sushir (Osteoclast) | 271 | |
Development of Dant (Teeth) | 272 | |
-Dugdha Dant (Deciduous teeth) | ||
-Sthayee Darn’ (Permanent teeth) | ||
|
273 | |
-Non union of vertebral arches | ||
-Greeva Parshuka (Cervical rib) | ||
-Urosthi Chhidra (Sternal foramen) | ||
|
274 | |
|
274 | |
19 | DEVELOPMENT OF UDAKVAHA SROTAS | 276 |
Development of Talu (Palate) | 277 | |
-Kathin Talu (Hard Palate) | ||
-Mridu Talu (Soft Palate) | ||
Development of Klo.ma (pharynx) | 277 | |
|
278 | |
20 | DEVELOPMENT OF SWED14VAHA SROTAS | 279 |
Development of Varna of Twacha (Skin Color) | 280 | |
Twak Vasa Granthi (Sebaceous gland) | 282 | |
|
282 | |
|
283 | |
|
283 | |
|
283 | |
|
284 | |
|
284 | |
Index (Shabdanukramanika) | 287 | |
|
||
Plate No | Contents | Beetween Page No |
Chapter 3 | ||
3.1 | Derivatives of Matrji bhava | 41-42 |
3.2 | Derivatives of Pitrij Bhava | 42-43 |
Chapter 4 | ||
4.1 | Diagram Showing Ritu, Kshetra, Ambu and Beej | 50-51 |
4.2 | Prakriti Formation (ShuKra Shonita Sanyoga Prakriya) | 58-59 |
4.3 | Structure of Shukranu (sperm) | 62-63 |
4.4 | Diagram showing Vikrit Shukranu (abnormal sperm) | 63-64 |
4.5 | Diagram showing Primary Antah Pushpa (primary ooeyte) | 66-67 |
Chapter7 | ||
7.1 | Shukra Shonit Samyoga (zygote formation) | 109-110 |
7.2 | A. Primary Budbudavastha, B.Development of Hridaya, C. Communication of extra embryonic and intra embryonic membrane D. Apara koshika-atlanto enteric diverticulum . E. Shir (head) and Puchha (caudal end) of Garbh. F. Development of Nabhi Nadi (multiplicat | 114-115 |
7.3 | Prishtha Bhag of Eighteen days embryo | 114-115 |
7.4 | Role of Vayu in Vibhajan | 115-116 |
7.5 | Kalalavastha and Budbudavastha | 115-116 |
7. 6 | Extraembryonic supporting and nourishing Structures | 117-118 |
7.7 | Garbhaj Apara (foetal placenta) and Matraj Apara (maternal placenta) | 123-124 |
7. 8 | Types of Sammukhi Apara (placenta previa) | 125-126 |
7.9 | Drava sphotika (hydatidiform mole) | 127-128 |
7.10 | Garbhastha Rakta Samvahan | 133-134 |
7.11 | Development of Garbh and Developing Apara (placenta) the end of 8th week | 141-142 |
7.12 | Diagram showing Nine weeks foetus | 146-147 |
7.13 | Diagram showing Twelve week foetus | 147-148 |
7.14 | Eighteen week foetus with Apara and Nabhi Nadi | 153-154 |
7.15 | Diagram showing 23 week foetus | 157-158 |
7.16 | Seventh month foetus with Nabhi Nadi | 159-160 |
Chapter 8 | ||
8.1 | Bijabhaga and Bijabhagavayav (Chromosomes and Genes) | 169-170 |
8.2 | Koshika (cell), D.N.A. and Bijabhaga (pair of chromosomes) | 177-178 |
Chapter 9 | ||
9.1 | A. Kooshmand (Amorphous foetus) | 192-193 |
B. Soochi Mukhi (microstomas) | ||
9.2 | Yamal Garbh, Ek Dimbi Yamal and Dwi Dimbi Yamal | 195-196 |
9.3 | A. Dwi Sharir Ek Shir Rakshasa | 197-198 |
B. Ek Sharir, Dwi Shir Rakshasa | ||
9.4 | A. Sanyukta Shir (craniopagus) | 197-198 |
B. Uraha Sanyogi (thoracopagus) | ||
9.5 | A. Sanyukta Uraha Patraka (xiphopagus) | 197-198 |
B. Sanyukta Nabhika (omphalosite) | ||
9. 6 | A. Shiro- vaksha Sanyukta Rakshasa | 197-198 |
B. Parashrayi Rakshasa | ||
Chapter 11 | ||
Development of Poorva Antra, Madhya Antra and Pascha Antra (hind gut) | 213-214 | |
Chapter 13 | ||
13.1 | A. Diagram showing right side of the developing Mastishka (brain) | 231-232 |
B. Diagram showing developing Mastishka (brain) at 10-11 mm embryonic length | ||
13.2 | A. Diagram showing developing: MastLhka (brain) 13-14 mm embryonic length | 232-233 |
B. Diagram showing Garbh Shir (head> in 6th week | ||
13.3 | Development of Chakshu Indriya (eye) in different stages | 235-236 |
13.4 | Development of Karnendriya Adhishthan | 235-236 |
13.5 | Jala Shirsha (hydrocephalus) | 238-239 |
13.6 | Sheershaheenta (anencephaly) | 239-240 |
13.7 | Janm Jat Nabhi Bahisaran (Omphalocele) | 239-240. |
13.8 | A. Mastishkavaran Avam Sushumna Rajju Bahi Saran | 239-240 |
B. Menigohydroencephalocele | ||
13.9 | Development of the limb buds in human embryo | 242-243 |
13.10 | A. Bhujaheen in Urdhwa and Adho Shakha (amelus) | 243-244 |
B. Ardhbhujak (hemimelus in arms) and two Sakth iheen (amelus) | ||
13.11 | A. Urdhwa bhujaheen (phocomelus in upper limb)and Sanyukta sandhi in Adho Shakha (sympodia in legs) | 243-244 |
B. Vidar or Nakhar Panja in Hasta (lobester’s claw) | ||
13.12 | A. Bahuanguliya (Polydactyly) | 244-245 |
B. Sanyuktanguliya (Syndactly) | ||
13.13 | Mudgar Paad (Telepes equinoverous) | 244-245 |
Chapter 14 | ||
14.1 | A. Garbh (embryo)- 5 to 7 weeks Undifferentiated stage | 247-248 |
B. Stri Garbh (female embryo)- 8 to 9 weeks | ||
C. Developmental details of Artavavaha Srotas | ||
14.2 | Shukravaha Srotas at Pasch Urdhva Tala of Mutrashaya and Purush Mutra Jananga | 249-250 |
14.3 | A. Diagram showing development of Artava and Shukravaha stage | 250-251 |
B. Diagram showing development of Organs of Artavavaha Srotas | ||
C. Diagram showing development of Organs of Shukravaha Srotas | ||
14.4 | A. Janan Gulika (genital tubercie) Indifferentiated stage | 250-251 |
B. Guda (anus) | ||
C. Development of organs of Shukravaha Srotas and Artavavaha Srotas | ||
14.5 | A. Dwi Shringi Garbhashaya (bicomuate uterus) | 251-252 |
B. Dwi bhagi Garbhashaya (bifid uterus) | ||
14.6 | Anavatarit Vrishana | 252-253 |
(undescended testis) | ||
Chapter 19 | ||
19.1 | Vichhedit talu-oshth (cleft palate and lip) | 277-278 |
Chapter 20 | ||
20.1 | Stanyashaya (mammary gland) | 282-283 |
The present book is the most exploring book on the human anatomy from ayurvedic point of view while correlating the same with the modern knowledge acquired over the period of time. The book is one of the most delightful treats for an inquisitive mind wishing to understand the anatomy of the human body with the deep rooted knowledge as described of the human body with the deep rooted knowledge as described in Ayurvedic texts by great scholars of all times including sushurta Samhita Charak Samhita, Ashtang Hridya and others. This book is an earnest attempt to explore the knowledge to its deepest origin based on the principle of “believe in what you see” or in other words how Ayurvedic Scientists look into the body, what they conceived, Perceived and observed. The author has critically taken note of all the descriptions and after correlating the same with his own experienced acquired over five decades of his association with Ayurveda and has tried to present the most impartial and acceptable view regarding the mysteries of human body.
The whole book has been prepared on the basis of different disciplines of human anatomy such as Garbh Sharir, Sira, Sira Dhammi Sharir. Srotas Sharir, Asthi Shrir, Marma Sharir, Peshi Shrir, Indriya Sharir, Tantrika Sharir, etc. This chapterwise description is again important for graduate and postgraduate level scholars of Ayurveda. From the examination point of view the book covers the syllabus approved by the Central Council of Indian Medicine , Delhi and a number of other Universities and Colleges imparting the education in the faculty of Ayurveda.
Attempt has been made to provide a systematic stream of knowledge which may be able to develop scientific intent in the minds of the readers.
The author feels that with the changing global scenario and transformation of the world into ‘global village’, it becomes imperative to come up with an authorartive text on Ayurveda, which may be able to provide opportunity to those coming from non-Hindi speaking regions of India as well as from abroad.
Understanding of human anatomy is the very basis for initiating as study into any healthcare system. Ayurveda is no exception. However there has been an earnest requirement for providing a good Ayurvedic text book on human Anatomy with pictorial presentation. The present book fills the void.
The creator of ‘Loka’ God Brahma created first of all ayurveda followed by other creations,’ and then passed on the knowledge to various Gods, which was then transferred to mortals. Thus ãyurveda descended from its celestial to terrestrial stage for benefit of humanity. Every sentient has intrinsic desire not only to live long healthy life but also to have good progoney possessing best qualities. The man ever since knew the method to communicate or dessiminate knowledge started transcripting it with the available tools for the benefit of next generation. First written record i.e. Vedas have described various aspects pertaining to health and diseae, including procreation most important for continuation of races. Healthy plant comes with healthy seed, soil, season water so is the human being. The health is cyclic i.e. healthy seed —> healthy embryo/foetus —> healthy child —>healthy adult —> healthy old age, in other words the knowledge of basics i.e. seed and embryo is imperative for healthy society. In vedic literature ãyurveda is maximum in magico religious form and references pertaining to seed and embryo etc. are scattered almost in entire texts. To provide nourishment to the foetus ausadhi (drugs), SinIvãli, Saraswat, Indra, Varuna and Mwinis etc. are worshipped’. Nourishment of the foetus through nãbhi nãdi (umbilical cord) considered as poaka, prãnadhraka and nourisher to sustain life is seen2. The ulva (vernix caseosa) offers protection to the foetus and jarãyu (chorion and amnion) gives a shining appearance or adorns it3. Though similar description about various aspects of embryo/foetus are referred in Vedas and Kalpa sütras etc. yet systemic or month wise growth and development of foetus is lacking but for Garbhopanisad. The statments, that fertilized egg becomes budbuda (blastocyst) in seven and pinda (collapsing stage of blastocyst) in fifteen days; and development of prhavatha in fifth month (spinal cord - the abnormalities like Spinabifidã etc. can not be diagnosed unequivocally before this period) are appreciable4 Ayurvedic classics present different subjects of Ayurveda in most systemetized way, them under eight specialized branches, wherein entire subject of obstetrics, gynaecology, and paediatrics is described under the heading of Kaumarabhrtya. Tremendous advances witnessed in twentieth century have changed the face of scientific world, medical field being no exception. Though ãyurvedic classics have described various subjects in great details, yet, their explanations in modern terminology are necessiated by inquisitive attitude of present day students more so foriegn students. Arena of subjects has widened creating new vistas of specialities. Embryology a part of obstetric/anatomy in past is now becomming speciality, which is having a drastic change due to recent under-standing of genetics. In tune with the demand of teachers and taught alike, Prof. D. G. Thatte a prolific writer, good administrator, conscientious academician, above all inquisitive devoted scholar wrote a book on Human embryology (Manava bhrüiia vijñana), probably the first book on the subject thirtyseven years back, which remained a landmark in the subject till today. Though in ãyurvedic classics bija, bija-bhaga and bijabhagavayava terms denoting respectively ovum/sperm, chromosome and gene are described, yet need scientific understanding in light of present day’s advances. To accomplish this goal Prof. Thatte has written this new book entitled ‘Embryology in Ayurveda’, incorporating concepts mentioned in ayurvedic classics, recapitulating textual references vis-a-vis their explanation with latest know-ledge as-well-as illustrations. I am sure that modern embryologist and ãyurvedists both will be highly benefited with this book. Rather it would be a boon to them and a milestone in the field of embryology. I pray goddess Saraswati to bestow upon Prof. D. G. Thatte vision, wisdom, will-power, energy and health with good longevity to serve her for many more years to come.
Prof. D.G.Thatte, Founder/Director of All India Sharir Research Institute has tremendous experience in the field of Ayurveda teaching, research and writing books. Prof. Thatte is one of the luminaries of Ayurveda. Born in a Maharashthan family with an academic intent, Prof. Thatte from the very beginning was interested in Ayurveda and1 Indian Medicine. Prof. Thatte opted for teaching carrier putting aside all the lucrative offers. During his illustrious carrier as a teacher and administrator Prof. Thatte has been honoured with over dozens of Awards and Fellowships including Dr. Birbal Sahani Scientific Award, State Award, Ayurveda Siromani Award, Ratna Sadsya- fellow of National AyurvedaAcademy, New Delhi, Life Time Achievement Award, National Integrated Association, Aligarah, Ayurveda Martand from Pune. Prof. Thatte has also been honoured by the title of “Icon in Ayurveda” by Prof. A.P.J: Kalam Ex. President of India, at Ayurvedic College, Khurja. Recently in March 2011, he was honoured by faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. Lifting the lamp till mid night, even after attaining the age of octogenarian, he is still working hard for developing All India Sharir Research Institute, Lucknow as Center of Exellence in Sharir. Need not say Prof. Thatte is “Monk of Ayurveda”.
Dr.Bhuvesh Gupta is one of the versatile scholar of Sharir Rachana. He obtained his bachelor’s degree and post graduate degree in Ayurveda from Lucknow University, Lucknow in the year 2008. After obtaining M.D. degree in Sharir Rachana he was appointed as Lecturer in Sharir Rachana Department in Sri Sai Ayurvedic Medical College, Aligarah, (U.P.). His scholarly performance got him selected by Union Public Service Commission, New Dethi for the coveted post of Medical officer in Central Government Health Scheme (C.G.H.S.), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India. Presently he is working as Incharge Ayurvedic unit Lucknow in C.G.H.S.He has presented many valuable research papers in Sharir in different scientific seminars and workshops organised by Ayurvedic Institutions of the country, which have been published in national journals of Ayurveda. His academic taste is still alive which keeps him inspired kwcreative contributions in Ayurveda. Dr. Gupta’s continued aociation with Prof. Thatte is the outcome of the present aribution i.e. Embryology in Ayurveda. Many more contributions are awaited from him.
Authors of this book ‘Embryology in Ayurveda’ have great sense of satisfaction in finallydocumenting ‘the script. Long back in 1975 Prof. Thätte chooscd. to write a second book of his carrier titled ‘Manav Bhruna Vigyan’. He was inspired for this job by Late Prof. Raghuveer Prasad Trivedi of Hathrasa. The proposal was supported by Late Dr. Mukundi Lal Dwivedi, Ex. Director of Ayurveda U.P. and Vice Chancelor, Gujrat Ayurveda University, Jamnagar. The book was written in Hindi language and was published by Ayurveda & Tibbi Academy, Govt. of U.P. After gaining more than fifty years of experience in teaching the subject of embryology to Ayurvedic scholars, Prof. Thatte felt that there are many gaps in the presentation of embryology while teaching Bhruna Vigyan in present scenario of developed medical science. Prof. Thatte picked up one of his most talented and devoted disciple Dr. Bhuvesh Gupta (M.D. Ay.), presently *orking as Medical Officer, Incharge Ayurvedic Unit, C, GH.S. Lucknow. Though Dr. Bhuvesh Gupta r sat as a class room disciple of Prof. Thatte, but actually got lessons of Sharir at higher level from iflf. Suresh Chandra presently working as incipal, Govt. Ayurveda College, Bareily who himself is a disciple of Prof. Thatte. Therefore Prof. Thatte feels obliged to Prof. Suresh Chandra for inspiring Dr. Gupta’s to associate with Prof. Thatte in the development of All India Sharir Research Institute, Lucknow. Dr. Bhuvesh Gupta’s association with Prof. Thatte proved beneficial for advancing and keeping pace with latest and current researches in the subject of embryology. It is only wish of the God Balaji Tirupati which made scientific zygote of Prof. Thatte and Dr. Gupta which prepared this most valuable gift to the Ayurvedic world. Both the authors while writing this acknowledgement feels oblidged to their mentors and parents for their moral support. Both the Authors are also grateful to their life partners Dr. (Mrs.) Vimleshwari and Dr.(Mrs.) Anshuma Gupta (M.S. Shalya) for their continued moral support while documenting this book. Authors also wish to acknowledge pains and sincerity of M/s Anurag Photostat for giving this book a model shape. It is expected that Ayurvedie research and educational Institutes will make good use of this book for rehabilitating the authencity of Ayurvedic versions concerning embryology.
S.NO | Title | Page No |
1 | SRJSHTI UTPA TTI KRAMA | 1 |
(a)Prakriti, Vikriti and Purusha | 5 | |
(b)Similarities and Dissimilarities of Prakriti And Purusha | 13 | |
(c)Srishti Utapatti (development of universe) | 14 | |
2 | GARBH AND GARBHA VAKRANTI | 20 |
(a)Garbha | 20 | |
(b)Garbhavakranti | 24 | |
(c)Role of Vayu and KQrma Swabhava | 32 | |
(d)Formation of Manushya Beeja (Human Genome) | 36 | |
3 | ROLE OF SHAD BHAVA IN FOETAL GROWTH | 37 |
(a)Role of MatrU Bhava | 42 | |
(b)Role of Pitrzj Bhava | 43 | |
(c)Role of Atmaj Bhava | 43 | |
(d)Role of Satmyaj Bhava | 46 | |
(e)Role of Rasaj Bhava | 47 | |
(f)Role of Satvaj Bhava | 48 | |
4 | GARBH VRIDDHIKAR BLIA VA (EMBRYONIC GROWTH FACTORS) | 50 |
(a)Ritu | 51 | |
(b)Kshetra | 54 | |
(c) Ambu | 56 | |
(d)Beej | 57 | |
(e) Criteria of Shuddha Shukra (Ideal semen and sperm) | 62 | |
(f)Anatomy of Shukra (Sperm) | 63 | |
(g)Anatomy of Vikrit Shukranu (Abnormal sperm) | 64 | |
(h)Criteria for Ashuddha Shukra (Unhealthy or impure semen) | 64 | |
(i)Criteria of Shuddha Artava (Healthy menstrual blood) | 66 | |
(j)Anatomy of Shonit or Dimb (ovum) - Antah Pushpa | 67 | |
(j)Criteria of Ashuddha Artava (Unhealthy menstrual blood) | 68 | |
5 | ROLE OF PANCHMAHABHUTA AND TRIDOSHA IN FOETAL DEVELOPMENT | 70 |
(a)Akashiya components | 76 | |
(b)Vayaviya components | 76 | |
(c)Agneya components | 77 | |
(d)Jaliya components | 78 | |
(e)Parthiv components | 78 | |
(f)General aspects of development | 81 | |
(g)Growth processes in reference to Mahabhuta and Tridosh | 83 | |
(h)Garbh Poshana (Nutrition of the embryo) | 85 | |
(i)Special Role of Tridosha and Panhrnahabhuta | 86 | |
(j)Antra (gut) | 87 | |
(j)Ashaya (hollow viscera) | 88 | |
(k)Jihva (tongue) | 88 | |
(l)Srotas (tubular structures) and Peshi (muscle) | 88 | |
(m)Twacha (skin) | 89 | |
(n)Kala (membrane) | 89 | |
(o)Netra & Netra Varma | 90 | |
(p)Twacha Varna (skin colour) | 93 | |
(q)Vrikka (two kidneys) | 94 | |
(r)Vrishan (testes) | 94 | |
(s)Hridaya (heart) | 94 | |
(t)Yakrit (liver), Phuphus (lung) and Unduk (caecum) | 94 | |
6 | DETERMINATION OF ANTENATAL SEX | 95 |
(a) Preferred Sex of Child | 100 | |
(b) Foetal sex determination | 104 | |
7 | MASANUMASIK GARBHA VIKAS KRAMA (MONTH WISE FOETAL DEVELOPMENT) | 105 |
(a)Masanumasik garbha vriddhi | 108 | |
(b)First month- Kalalavastha | 109 | |
(c)Gastrulation | 113 | |
(d)Endodermal layer | 113 | |
(e)Mesodermal layer | 113 | |
(f)Ectodermal layer | 114 | |
(g)Week wise development of Kalal in first month | 114 | |
(h)Early embryonic stages of development | 115 | |
(i)Implantation | 116 | |
(j)Ectopic implantation | 117 | |
(k)Extraembryonic Supporting and nourishing structures | 118 | |
(l)Ulva (amnion) | 118 | |
(m)Garbhodak (amniotic fluid) | 118 | |
(n)Peetak kosha (yolk sac) | 119 | |
(o)Nabhi nadi (umbilical cord) | 120 | |
(p)Anomalies of Nabhi nadi (umbilical cord) | 120 | |
(q)Apara (placenta) formation | 121 | |
(r)Shape of the Apara (placenta) | 124 | |
(s)Matraj apara (maternal placenta) | 124 | |
(t)Garbhaj apara (foetal placenta) | 124 | |
(u)Functions of the apara (placenta) | 125 | |
(v)Apara Vikriti | 125 | |
(w)Jarayu | 126 | |
(x)Jarayu Dosha (Chorionic Anomalies) | 128 | |
(y)Apara poshika (Allantois) | 128 | |
(z)Garbha Rasa Samvahan (Foetal Circulation) | 129 | |
(aa)Garbh Matrtz Paratanrata (Embryonic dependence on mother) | 135 | |
(ab)General factors for foetal growth, differentiation and specjaljsat ion | 137 | |
(ac)Second month - Ghanavastha | 139 | |
(ad)Third month - Panch Pindikavastha | 143 | |
(ae)Fourth month – Douhrjdavastha (vyaktangavastha) | 149 | |
(af)Fifth month - Mana Prabuddhavastha | 153 | |
(ag)Sixth month- Prabuddhavastha and Snayu, Sira, Romadi Vyaktavastha | 157 | |
(ah)Seventh month - Sarvang Praryang Vyaktavastha | 159 | |
(ai)Eighth month- Oja Sancharanavastha | 160 | |
(aj)Ninth and tenth month – Prasavavastha. | 163 | |
8 | GENETICS IN AYURVEDA (CONCEPTUAL APPROACH) | 167 |
(a) Concept of Beej, Babhaga and Babhagavayav (Chromosomes and Genes) | 170 | |
(b)Components of Deha Parmanu | 176 | |
(c)What is gene.. | 177 | |
(d)Mutatioh | 178 | |
(e)Theory of Atulya Gotra and Tulya Gotra (Sam gotra) | 180 | |
9 | GARBHAJ VIKRITI (FOETAL ANOMALIES) | 182 |
(a)Etiological factors of Garbhaj Vilcriti (Congenital defects) | 185 | |
(b)Foetal anomalies’ | 190 | |
(c)Yamal Garbha | 196 | |
(d)Sushruta’s Observations regarding development of Perverted Sex | 199 | |
(e)Anasthi Garbh (Boneless Embryo) | 202 | |
(f)Ashta Nindaniya Purush (Eight undesired & unnatural body constitutions) | 203 | |
(g)Jati Smar | 207 | |
10 | GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF SROTAS 208 | 208 |
11 | DEVELOPMENT OF MAHA SROTAS OR ANNA VAHA SROTAS (GUT SYSTEM) | 213 |
(a)Anomalies of Annavaha Srotas | 216 | |
– Jihva (Tongue) | 216 | |
– Anna Nalika (Oesophagus) | 216 | |
(b)Amashava (Stomach) | 216 | |
-Right sided Amashaya (Stomach).. | 216 | |
-Jathar Nirgam Alcunchan (Pyloric Stenosis) | 217 | |
(c)NabhigatAflfr Vriddhj (Umbilical Hernia) | 217 | |
(d) Meckel’s diverticulum | 217 | |
(e)Duodenum | 217 | |
(f)Antra Puchha or Krimyashaya (wormiform appendix) | 217 | |
(g)Anomalous Positjon of Antra Puchha | 218 | |
(h)Abnormal Guda (Anus) | 219 | |
-Adhidril guda (imperforate anus) | 219 | |
-Bhagandar (Anal fistuIa) | 219 | |
(i)Abnormal Kloma (Gall Bladder) | 219 | |
(j)Abnormal Agnyashaya (Pancreas) | 220 | |
(k)Abnormalities of Unduk (Caecum) | 220 | |
12 | DEVELOPME OF PRANA VAIL4 SROTAS AND RASA VAHA SROTAS | 221 |
(a)Development of Nasa and Para Nasa Vivar (Nose and Paranasal Sinuses) | 223 | |
(b)Development of Swar Yantra (Laxynx), Shwas Pranali (Trachea) and Phuphs (Lungs) | 223 | |
(c)Development of Hridaya (Heart) | 224 | |
(d)Development of SA Node and Chetna in heart | 225 | |
(e)Develpment of Hardiki Dhamanj (Coronary arteries) | 226 | |
(f)Development of Dhamanj (Arteries) | 226 | |
(g)Development of Lasika Tantra (Lymphatic system) | 226 | |
(h)Anomalies of Pranvaha and Rasavaha Srotas | 227 | |
(i)Anomalies of Phuphg (Lung) | 227 | |
(j)Shwas Pranali (Trachea) | 227 | |
(k)Transposition of Koshthanga (Viscera) | 228 | |
(l)Defects of Hridaya Kapat (Valvular defects) | 228 | |
(m)Defects of Maha Dhamani Chap (Arch of AOrta) | 229 | |
13 | DEVELOPMENT OF MANOVAHA SROTAS OR TANTRIKA TANTRA (NERVOUS SYSTEM) | 230 |
(a)Development of Mastishka (Brain) and Sushumna (Spinal Cord) | 232 | |
(b)Development of Panch Gyanendriya (Peripheral Sensory organs) | 234 | |
(c)Development of Chakshu Indriyadhishthan (Eyes) | 235 | |
(d)Development of Karnendriyadhishthan (Ear) | 236 | |
(e)Development of Ghranendriyadhishthan. (Nose) | 237 | |
(f)Development of Rasnendriyadhishthan (Tongue) | 237 | |
(g)Development of Sprashnendriyadhishthan or Twak (Skin) | 238 | |
(h)Anomalies of Tantrika Tantra | 239 | |
-Jala Shirsha (Hydrocephalus) | 239 | |
-Sushumna Anta Vibhajan (Spina Bifida) | 240 | |
-Sheersh Heenta (Anencephaly) | 240 | |
-Mastishkavaran Vriddhi (Meniñgocele): | 240 | |
-Laghu Sheersha (Microcephalus) | 240 | |
(i)Developmental Anomalies of Jihva (Tongue) | 241 | |
-Guru Jihva (Macroglossia) | 241 | |
-Laghu Jihva (Microglossia) | 241 | |
-Sarpil Jihva (Bifid or Trifid Tongue) | 241 | |
(j)Developmental Anomalies of Nasika (Nose) | 241 | |
(k)Developmetal Anomalies of the Netra (Eye) | 241 | |
(l)Developmental Anomalies of Twacha (Skin) | 242 | |
(m)Developmental Anomalies of Karna (Ear) | 242 | |
(n)Development of Karmendriya | 243 | |
(o)Development of Hasta (Upper Limb) and Pada (Lower limb) | 243 | |
(p)Anomalies of Upper and Lower limbs | 244 | |
-Bhujaheen (amelus) | 244 | |
-Ardhabhujak (Hemimelus) | 244 | |
-Urdhwqbhujaheen (Phocomelus) | 244 | |
-Sanyukta Sakthi (Sympodia) | 244 | |
-Vidar or Nakhar Panja (Lobster’s claw) | 244 | |
-Bahu Anguliya (Polydactyly) | 244 | |
-Sanyukta Anguliya (Syndactyly) | 244 | |
-Sukshmanguli (Brachydactyly) | 245 | |
-Mudgar Pad (Talipes equinovorus) | 245 | |
14 | DEVELOPMENT OF SH1JKRA VA HA AND ARTA VA VAHA SROTAS (REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS) | |
Development of Vrishan (Testes) | ||
Development of Beef Granthi (Ovary) | ||
Development of Artavavaha Srotas (Organs female reproductive systems) | ||
-Poorva Madhya Vrikka Vahini (Paramesonephric duct / Mullerian duct) | ||
-Bartholin Granthi | ||
Development of Shukravaha Srotas (Male Reproductive Organs) | ||
-Ashthila Granthi or Pourush grant hi (Prostate gland) | ||
-Kand Mutrapath granthi (Bulbo-.urethral glands or Glands of Cowper) | ||
-Shukra Prapika (Seminal vesicles) | ||
Development of Bahya Purush Janananga (Male genital organs) | ||
Development of Janan Gulika (Genital tubercie) and Medhra or Shephas (Phallus or Penis) | ||
Anomalies of Artavavaha Srotas (Female reproductive organs) | ||
Anomalies of Shukravaha Srotas (Male reproductive organs) | ||
-Anavtarita Vrishana (Undscended testes) | ||
-Ectopia Testes | ||
-Inversion of testes | ||
15 | DEVELOPMENT OF MUTRA VAHA SROTAS AND PURISHVAHA SROTAS | 254 |
(a)Development of Poorva Vrikka (Pronephros) | 255 | |
(b)Development of Madhya Vrikka (Mesonephros) | 255 | |
(c)Development of Sthayee Vrikka (Metanephros or permanent kidney) | 256 | |
(d)Vrikkavarohan (Ascent of kidney) | 257 | |
(e)Development of Mutrashaya (Urinary bladder) | 257 | |
(f)Development of Mutra Praseka (Male urethra) | 258 | |
(g)Development of Stree Mutra Marga or Prasek (Female urethra) | 258 | |
(h)Anomalies of Mutravaha Srotas | 258 | |
- Vrikka Heenata (Renal agensis) | 258 | |
-Shronigat Vrikka (Pelvic Kidney) | 258 | |
-Fused Kidney | 258 | |
-Polycystic Kidney | 258 | |
-Hydronepheric kidney | 258 | |
(i)Anomalies of Gavini (Ureter) | 259 | |
-Dwi Gonika (Double Ureteric Pelvis) | 259 | |
-Dwibhajit Gavini (Bifid Ureter) | 259 | |
-Bahir Gavini Chhidra (Ectopic ureteric orifice) | 259 | |
-Pascha Mahasira Gavini (Retrocaval Ureter) | 259 | |
(j)Development of Purishavaha Srotas | 259 | |
16 | DEVELOPMENT OF RAKTA VAHA SROTAS | 261 |
(a)Development of Yakrit (Liver) | 261 | |
(b)Development of Agnyashaya (Pancreas) | 262 | |
(c)Development of Pleeha (Spleen) | 263 | |
(d)Development ófRakta and Rakta Vahini (Blood and blood vessels) | 263 | |
17 | DEVELOPMENT OF MANSA VA HA SROTAS | 265 |
18 | DEVELOPMENT OF ASTHI VA HA MAJJAVAHA AND MEDOVAHA SROTAS | 268 |
Definition Of Asthi Prasu (Osteoblast), Asthi Koshika (Osteocyte) and Asthi Sushir (Osteoclast) | 271 | |
Development of Dant (Teeth) | 272 | |
-Dugdha Dant (Deciduous teeth) | ||
-Sthayee Darn’ (Permanent teeth) | ||
|
273 | |
-Non union of vertebral arches | ||
-Greeva Parshuka (Cervical rib) | ||
-Urosthi Chhidra (Sternal foramen) | ||
|
274 | |
|
274 | |
19 | DEVELOPMENT OF UDAKVAHA SROTAS | 276 |
Development of Talu (Palate) | 277 | |
-Kathin Talu (Hard Palate) | ||
-Mridu Talu (Soft Palate) | ||
Development of Klo.ma (pharynx) | 277 | |
|
278 | |
20 | DEVELOPMENT OF SWED14VAHA SROTAS | 279 |
Development of Varna of Twacha (Skin Color) | 280 | |
Twak Vasa Granthi (Sebaceous gland) | 282 | |
|
282 | |
|
283 | |
|
283 | |
|
283 | |
|
284 | |
|
284 | |
Index (Shabdanukramanika) | 287 | |
|
||
Plate No | Contents | Beetween Page No |
Chapter 3 | ||
3.1 | Derivatives of Matrji bhava | 41-42 |
3.2 | Derivatives of Pitrij Bhava | 42-43 |
Chapter 4 | ||
4.1 | Diagram Showing Ritu, Kshetra, Ambu and Beej | 50-51 |
4.2 | Prakriti Formation (ShuKra Shonita Sanyoga Prakriya) | 58-59 |
4.3 | Structure of Shukranu (sperm) | 62-63 |
4.4 | Diagram showing Vikrit Shukranu (abnormal sperm) | 63-64 |
4.5 | Diagram showing Primary Antah Pushpa (primary ooeyte) | 66-67 |
Chapter7 | ||
7.1 | Shukra Shonit Samyoga (zygote formation) | 109-110 |
7.2 | A. Primary Budbudavastha, B.Development of Hridaya, C. Communication of extra embryonic and intra embryonic membrane D. Apara koshika-atlanto enteric diverticulum . E. Shir (head) and Puchha (caudal end) of Garbh. F. Development of Nabhi Nadi (multiplicat | 114-115 |
7.3 | Prishtha Bhag of Eighteen days embryo | 114-115 |
7.4 | Role of Vayu in Vibhajan | 115-116 |
7.5 | Kalalavastha and Budbudavastha | 115-116 |
7. 6 | Extraembryonic supporting and nourishing Structures | 117-118 |
7.7 | Garbhaj Apara (foetal placenta) and Matraj Apara (maternal placenta) | 123-124 |
7. 8 | Types of Sammukhi Apara (placenta previa) | 125-126 |
7.9 | Drava sphotika (hydatidiform mole) | 127-128 |
7.10 | Garbhastha Rakta Samvahan | 133-134 |
7.11 | Development of Garbh and Developing Apara (placenta) the end of 8th week | 141-142 |
7.12 | Diagram showing Nine weeks foetus | 146-147 |
7.13 | Diagram showing Twelve week foetus | 147-148 |
7.14 | Eighteen week foetus with Apara and Nabhi Nadi | 153-154 |
7.15 | Diagram showing 23 week foetus | 157-158 |
7.16 | Seventh month foetus with Nabhi Nadi | 159-160 |
Chapter 8 | ||
8.1 | Bijabhaga and Bijabhagavayav (Chromosomes and Genes) | 169-170 |
8.2 | Koshika (cell), D.N.A. and Bijabhaga (pair of chromosomes) | 177-178 |
Chapter 9 | ||
9.1 | A. Kooshmand (Amorphous foetus) | 192-193 |
B. Soochi Mukhi (microstomas) | ||
9.2 | Yamal Garbh, Ek Dimbi Yamal and Dwi Dimbi Yamal | 195-196 |
9.3 | A. Dwi Sharir Ek Shir Rakshasa | 197-198 |
B. Ek Sharir, Dwi Shir Rakshasa | ||
9.4 | A. Sanyukta Shir (craniopagus) | 197-198 |
B. Uraha Sanyogi (thoracopagus) | ||
9.5 | A. Sanyukta Uraha Patraka (xiphopagus) | 197-198 |
B. Sanyukta Nabhika (omphalosite) | ||
9. 6 | A. Shiro- vaksha Sanyukta Rakshasa | 197-198 |
B. Parashrayi Rakshasa | ||
Chapter 11 | ||
Development of Poorva Antra, Madhya Antra and Pascha Antra (hind gut) | 213-214 | |
Chapter 13 | ||
13.1 | A. Diagram showing right side of the developing Mastishka (brain) | 231-232 |
B. Diagram showing developing Mastishka (brain) at 10-11 mm embryonic length | ||
13.2 | A. Diagram showing developing: MastLhka (brain) 13-14 mm embryonic length | 232-233 |
B. Diagram showing Garbh Shir (head> in 6th week | ||
13.3 | Development of Chakshu Indriya (eye) in different stages | 235-236 |
13.4 | Development of Karnendriya Adhishthan | 235-236 |
13.5 | Jala Shirsha (hydrocephalus) | 238-239 |
13.6 | Sheershaheenta (anencephaly) | 239-240 |
13.7 | Janm Jat Nabhi Bahisaran (Omphalocele) | 239-240. |
13.8 | A. Mastishkavaran Avam Sushumna Rajju Bahi Saran | 239-240 |
B. Menigohydroencephalocele | ||
13.9 | Development of the limb buds in human embryo | 242-243 |
13.10 | A. Bhujaheen in Urdhwa and Adho Shakha (amelus) | 243-244 |
B. Ardhbhujak (hemimelus in arms) and two Sakth iheen (amelus) | ||
13.11 | A. Urdhwa bhujaheen (phocomelus in upper limb)and Sanyukta sandhi in Adho Shakha (sympodia in legs) | 243-244 |
B. Vidar or Nakhar Panja in Hasta (lobester’s claw) | ||
13.12 | A. Bahuanguliya (Polydactyly) | 244-245 |
B. Sanyuktanguliya (Syndactly) | ||
13.13 | Mudgar Paad (Telepes equinoverous) | 244-245 |
Chapter 14 | ||
14.1 | A. Garbh (embryo)- 5 to 7 weeks Undifferentiated stage | 247-248 |
B. Stri Garbh (female embryo)- 8 to 9 weeks | ||
C. Developmental details of Artavavaha Srotas | ||
14.2 | Shukravaha Srotas at Pasch Urdhva Tala of Mutrashaya and Purush Mutra Jananga | 249-250 |
14.3 | A. Diagram showing development of Artava and Shukravaha stage | 250-251 |
B. Diagram showing development of Organs of Artavavaha Srotas | ||
C. Diagram showing development of Organs of Shukravaha Srotas | ||
14.4 | A. Janan Gulika (genital tubercie) Indifferentiated stage | 250-251 |
B. Guda (anus) | ||
C. Development of organs of Shukravaha Srotas and Artavavaha Srotas | ||
14.5 | A. Dwi Shringi Garbhashaya (bicomuate uterus) | 251-252 |
B. Dwi bhagi Garbhashaya (bifid uterus) | ||
14.6 | Anavatarit Vrishana | 252-253 |
(undescended testis) | ||
Chapter 19 | ||
19.1 | Vichhedit talu-oshth (cleft palate and lip) | 277-278 |
Chapter 20 | ||
20.1 | Stanyashaya (mammary gland) | 282-283 |