The need for a systematic survey of the Indus valley and its border lands was keenly felt by the Indian Archaeological Department, almost from the very beginning of its work at Mohenjo7daro. In 1925-26, at the suggestion of Sir John Marshall, the then Director General of Archaeology in India, Mr. Hargreaves of the Archaeological Department conducted excavations at Nal in the Kalat State of Baluchistan and explored a few other sites in its vicinity; and later, in 1926-27 and 1927-28, a survey of Northern and Southern Baluchistan was carried out by Sir Aurel Stein. These operations yielded splendid results,2 showing the wide diffusion of the ' Indus Civilization ' and at the same time bringing to light traces of allied cultures which could probably be affiliated, with certain reservations, to the Persian zone. But much spade-work was needed in the Indus valley itself without which a study of these materials would remain partial and incomplete. After his discovery of Mohenjo-Daro in 1922, the late R. D. Banerjee had collected, so far as he could, information about other probable sites in Sind, and supplied a list of them to the Archaeological Department. But very likely he had no opportunity of examining any of these sites himself.
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