Faunal Diversity of Jabalpur District- Madhya Pradesh

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The Jabalpur district (2310 N. 7937 1) lies in the eastern half of Madhya Pradesh in the central region of India with geographic area of 5211 sq. km. It is situated on the Ivan Plateau at an altitude of 402 m above msl and surrounded on all sides by ancient basalt rocks and forests Jabalpur district consists of a long narrow plain running from South-West to North East flanked by the Bhanrer and Kaimur ranges of the Vindhyan system on the West and the various hills of the Mahadeo range and Maikal range on the east The Bhitrigarh range and a few subsidiary hills intrude upon in the middle of the district and practically join the Vindhyan and the Satpura systems, which together form the Great Central Watershed of India. It lies in the catchment of the longest river of Central India, the Narmada, along with its tributaries viz Hiran, Gour, Ken and Sone. The Jabalpur city is surrounded by low, rocky and barren hillocks, which include Kariapathar hillock to the northeast, Sita Pahad and Kandhari hills to the east and Madan Mahal hills- to the southwest Khandari and Pariyat, these two main water reservoirs are located in the northeast direction in Jabalpur district.

The name Jabalpur is supposed to have originated from St. Jabali Pattanam or Jabal (in Arabic meaning rocks) Tripuri, the place near Jabalpur has been mentioned in the great epics Ramayana and Mahabharata. The River Narmada, which is considered as one of the seven most sacred and principal rivers of the country referred to religious scriptures, however not mentioned in the Rig Veda. It appears that the first wave of Aryan migrants into North India had not probably penetrated far into the peninsula beyond the Indo- Gangetic plain.

The Jabalpur district has more or less complete sequence of geological formations like Achaeans, Vindhyans, Gondwanas, Lametas, Deccan trap, intertrappean and recent etc. In this region, there are number of variety of rock types, comprising igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary with variety of minerals like micaceous earth, sand stone, quartzites, lime stones, bauxite, clay, manganese, copper, iron, etc. As a result of the disintegration of the various types of rocks, soil types of widely different characteristics are formed, which vary from loose sandy to stiff back clay soils. The Gondwana sand stone produces a porous acidic soil, which is suitable for the growth of Sal.

The Jabalpur district enjoys typical monsoon climate with three seasons, summer from March to June, rainy season from June to September and winter from November to February. The period from mid-September to October is the post-monsoon period.

Temperature the coldest months in the district are December and January during which the minimum temperature reaches frost point. This causes widespread damage to cultivated crops. Heavy dew-fall occurs from November to January from March onwards, temperature begins to rise steadily and might reach up to 44-45 degree Celsius. May is the hottest month but nights are hotter in June than in May.

Rainfall Most of the rainfall occurs during mid-June to mid-September, when the southwest monsoon is active, July being the rainiest month. Sometimes a few showers occur in December or January. The average annual rainfall over the district is 1270 mm. The belt of high precipitation runs along the south-eastern boundary of the district, the highest record being from the Pariyat. The amount of rainfall decreases towards the north and west.

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