India - Studies in the History of an Idea

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From the Jacket:

 

What India means may elicit different answers from people today. The answers that might have been given a thousand, tow thousand or three thousand years ago would have been possibly quite different. This volume explores how notions of India have grown: even as a geographical expression the notion (under whatever name) took time to form. Political factors and cultural diffusion both helped in the formation. Nor is the role of outsiders in looking at India as country with some identifiable features of custom, belief, and language, to be ignored. The different contributions in this volume bring out how the idea of India has changed as Indian civilization has developed and received various cultural streams. The contributors also essay the issue of India's transformation into a nation under the stresses generated by the colonial conquest, resistance and the influx of modern ideas. The volume closes with discussions how the future of the nation was conceived in the past and what message this has for the people of India today.

 

About the Author:

 

The editor of this volume, Irfan Habib, was formerly Professor of History at Aligarh Muslim University, and is author of Agrarian System of Mughal Empire, An Atlas of the Mughal Empire and Essays in Indian History: Towards a Marxist Perception. He is currently editing A People's History of India four parts of which have been published.

Preface The idea of India is a phrase of relatively recent use- much credit for this being due to Sunil Khilnani- but the substance of it has an old history. This volume is, first, about how the notion originated and evolved in the minds of both its own inhabitants and outsiders, and about what it conveyed to them in terms of geography and civilization traits. The substance of the notions of India altered too as Indian culture itself evolved and its own contours changed. The volume is, therefore, concerned with how from being a country, whether as an essentially geographical expression or as a cultural entity, India become, or came to be regarded as, a nation. Finally, it touches on the contesting visions of the India of the future, developed within and outside the National Movement.

The Aligarh Historians Society asked a number of distinguished scholars to contribute papers on the different aspects of the theme. These papers were presented and discussed at a panel organized by the Society at the Guru Nank Dev University, Amritsar, and 28-30 December 2002. Professor Irfan Habib, who has edited the volume, contributes an introduction which, in its earlier version, had been presented as a key- note address at the panel.

The panel and the publication of the volume have been supported by grants from the Indian Council of Social Science Research, New Delhi, and the Sir Dorabji Tata Trust, Mumbai.

I should like to thank all contributors to the volume for their willing cooperation and for sending us their revised versions.

I am most grateful to my old friend, Mr. P.N Sahay, for compiling the index, which we hope reader will find convenient.

Mr. Muneeruddin Khan has processed the final press-copy, while Mr. Arshad Ali has kept our records and accounts. Mr. Idris Beg has carried out other onerous duties.

Mr Devendra Jain of Messrs Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers has placed us greatly in his debt by agreeing to publish the volume.

CONTENTS

 

	Preface	vii
	Contributors	ix
1.	India: Country and Nation - An Introductory Essay IRFAN HABIB	1
2.	The Earliest Notions of India: 'Meluhha' in Mesopotamian Records SHEREEN RATNAGAR	19
3.	Names for India in Ancient Indian Texts and Inscriptions ISHRAT ALAM	36
4.	Ideas of India in Ancient Greek Literature UDAI PRAKASH ARORA	45
5.	Hiuen Tsiang's India J.S. GREWAL	60
6.	Evolution of a Regional Identity: Kerala in India KESAVAN VELUTHAT	82
7.	Concepts of India: Expanding Horizons in Early Medieval Arabic and Persian Writing IMTIAZ AHMAD	98
8.	Concepts of India in Alberuni IQIDAR ALAM KHAN	110
9.	The Idea of India in Amir Khusrau SYED ALI NADEEM REZAVI	121
10.	The Monetary Integration of India under the Mughal Empire NAJAF HAIDER	129
11.	Seventeenth-Century India as Seen by the Dutch OM PRAKASH	144
12.	Francois Bernier's Idea of India ANIRUDDHA RAY	159
13.	The Vision of a Free India in the Bengal Renaissance GAUTAM CHATTOPADHYAY	186
14.	Swami Dayanand's Aryavarta INDU BANGA	195
15.	A Juster India for Women - The Thought and Work of Pandita Ramabai and Rameshwari Nehru KAMLESH MOHAN	204
16.	India as "Hindusthan": Elements of the Ideological Structure of Hindu Communalism MRIDULA MUKHERJEE	232
17.	Nehru's Economic Vision for India: The Road to Fulfilment ADITYA MUKHERJEE	244
	Index	262

 

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