About the Book This book presents a study of the historic past with investigations directed with a particular object to bring to light the history of races with special reference to their movements and settlements in regions in ancient times, hitherto, looked upon as a dark age.

Although history of individual civilizations, most of which per chance have developed on the tropic of cancer just as the Sumerian, the Egyptian, the Sindhu-Sarasvati (Harappan), is well known, still the interlink between these, in respect of philosophical ideologies, social and religious customs and technical or commercial know-how is seldom reviewed, and it is not exactly known how theoretical ideas and know-how of crafts have been actually exported from one civilization to the other. This study is extremely necessary to trace the ultimate source of human civilization what may be called the cradle of world civilization.

As for the movement of races in the pre-historic past is concerned, we are all acquainted with a theoretical premise of the dispersion of an Aryan race which is still a matter of great controversy. This race is said to have spoken a language designated as Centum from which all dialects German, Celtic Greek, Latin, Iranian. Sanskrit etc. arose in due course of time on migrations.

The present work is thus an attempt to search for missing link of world civilization dealing with Indo-Aryan colonization of Greece, Middle-East Egypt, Persia and Euro-Asian complex specially the Scandinavian countries.

About the Author Born in a Kayastha family of Jabalpur Vishnukant Verma entered into the discipline of Mathematics and took the Doctorate degree in Mathematics from Lucknow University. He was initially Professor of Applied Mathematics in the Fergusson College, Pune and subsequently Professor of Mathematics Government Engineering College, Bilaspur whence he retired as Principal.

Dr. Verma contributed several research papers, on various topics of Mathematical learning such as: Integral Transforms, Special Functions, Polynomials, Integral Equations, Generating functions, which were published in reputed journals such as Transactions of Cambridge Philosophical Society, Math Zeitschift Germany etc. He later dedicated himself to the study of philosophy, Vedic literature and history and wrote a few treatises of original merit on Vedic Science and philosophy. He attended several seminars and conferences to present his views on Vedic literature and read papers on comparative studies on Indo-Syrian, Indo Babylonian cultural and Indo-Grecian and Indo-Zend religions. He is a scholar of repute who is well versed with a variety of subjects ranging from science and Mathematics and extending to philosophy, Vedic literature and history.

Preface This book presents a study of the historic past with investigations directed with a particular object to bring to light the history of races with special reference to their movements and settlements in regions in ancient times, hither to, looked upon as a dark age. Although history of individual civilizations, most of which per chance have developed on the tropic of cancer just as the Sumerian, the Egyptian, the Sindhu Sarasvati (Harappan), is well known, still the interlink between these, in respect of philosophical ideologies, social and religious customs and technical or commercial know-how is seldom reviewed, and it is not exactly known how theoretical ideas and know-how of crafts have been actually exported from one civilization to the other. This study is extremely necessary to trace the ultimate source of human civilization what may be called the cradle of world civilization. This work is a humble attempt to present in somewhat form a solution to this vexed problem. When we look into the details of the 3500 B.C. old Sumerian civilization or a similar age old pyramid builder Egyptian civilization we come across the infallible expert opinion that each of these two great civilization does not have an indigenous origin but that each of these was developed by a highly civilized people whose torch bearers settled in these regions in pre-historic past. These twin questions of migrations of a highly cultured race, which brought with its basic elements such as mystic thinking, developed script and a corpus of laws, into Sumer and Egypt from some unknown land blooming with a high civilization, have since been overlooked by scholars; a question, explicitly outstanding but getting no attention, has been taken up in this work for seeking a possible solution.

As for the movement of races in the pre-historic past is concerned, we are all acquainted with a theoretical premise of the dispersion of an Aryan race which is still a matter of great controversy. This race is said to have spoken a language designated as centum from which all dialects German, Celtic Greek, Latin, Iranian, Sanskrit etc. arose in due course of time on migrations. No part of this theory could be proved even to any extent. Yet this proposed movement could explain settlements in Middle East complex and Greece on one hand and Persia and India on the other around 2000 B.C., but it did not cover the previously talked of settlements at Sumer and Egypt, and the question haunting the imagination continued to loom large on our minds as to the identity of the highly cultured people who, implanted civilization at Sumer and Egypt in circa 3500 B.C. and who could be rightly looked upon as hailing from a land, the cradle of world civilization.

The theory, that Indo Aryan homeland was located in the wide region stretching from Black sea Denyub region to plains of Europe, attracted the attention of experts to such a great extent that they were ever busy searching, more acceptable sites for the homeland in Euro-Asian complex.

Thus in a way the scholars mind got stuck in the confines to the search for the Aryan homeland so much so that the scholars were not prepared to think of any alternative approach. The importance of this work lies in the fact that a new approach to the origin of civilizations based on comparative study of civilizations has been undertaken to come to some conclusion.

The material for such investigation could be based on available archaeological findings, authentic historical research and mythology of races, which is not totally devoid of historical records.

Introduction The question of the cradle of human civilization is linked to the determination of the homeland of Aryans, a race which it is said to have populated the Indo-Iranian home lands (India and Iran) on one hand and Greco-Roman complex (entire Europe) on the other. There are as many views on the point of the homeland of Aryans as there are scholars. The Central Asian homeland theory has since then met with a serious criticism from a group of scholars and thus the Aryan homeland problem is far from being settled and the other problem is that of the language the forefathers spoke before they dispersed from their homeland and the third problem is about the antiquity of the human civilization.

Indeed the two problems that of the homeland of Aryans and that of the original language they spoke are twins and are inseparably connected together. The original language spoken by the Aryan forefathers has been called Centum. No trace of this language has been found but it has been conjectured that the original language the centum underwent quick changes just as the Aryan forefathers moved out of their homeland and settled in other countries. The first changed language of the branch that came to Iran has been conceived as proto-Indic-Iranian which further bifurcated into Proto-Iranian and Proto-Indic for the respective branches that settled in Iran and India. In course of time Proto-Iranian gave birth to Zend while the Indian branch Proto-Indic gave birth to Sanskrit.

Now this is not the only problem with which the historians are faced, the other question is that of the identity of people who entered the valley of Euphrates and Tigris in about three thousand five hundred B.C. The world famous archaeologist Leonard Woolley reports that Sumerians a non-Semitic dark haired people were the last to enter the valley of Euphrates Tigris. They brought with them a superior culture, some of its basic elements already developed to its final forms, which they imposed on the semitic barbarians. Amongst others their chief cultural imports were a system of writing and a corpus of law. Who were these people, whence did they come? History has omitted this enquiry, sidetracking it as belonging to Dark Age, but without the identity of the people who populated Sumer the history of the development of human civilization is incomplete. Did the Sumerians hail from Central Asia? Did there exist in Central Asia a highly developed civilization as far back as the fourth millennium B.C. so much so that it possessed developed script and corpus of law?

Again last but not the least the Egyptians, the builders of the wonderful pyramids, have also recorded in writing that they hailed from a land called Punt which is a land of mysterious philosophy and tropical products.

The historians have delinked the twofold puzzle of the origin of either of the Sumerians or of the Egyptians and began to tackle the origin of the settlers of Greece in isolation of the dual puzzle. Are not the three problems linked together? Has not the same stock of people populated the three distinct regions at different times in the past? Thus the object of this work is to search for the missing link of the world civilization.

When we turn to the Puranas and allied literature these tell us that exodus from India took place time and again in the past. Now this exodus from India on one hand and the reported colonizations at other parts of the globe on the other, form the two complements which together form the whole like two sides of a coin. This circumstantial evidence in ancient records is of prime importance from the point of view of unbiased unintentional recorded facts.

Book's Contents and Sample Pages