Preface
It is a pleasure to present to our readers-university students, candidates preparing for the I.A.S. and various States. Civil Service examinations and, above all, our fellow university teachers who have given us the necessary feedback for additional information about some topics. It is relevant to mention that on the repeated demands of the students, university teachers and even publishers from Maharashtra, our publishers S. Chand and Company Ltd. have brought out a Marathi version of our book A New Look at Modem Indian History.
Nobody can change the past, not even God, but historians may. The British historians of Indian history have proved the truth in this statement. Early British I.C.S. administrators-cum-historians like Mountstuart Elphinstone, Alfred Lyall, W. W. Hunter, Y.A. Smith et all and academic authors like H.H. Dodwell, P.E. Roberts, Percival Spear, C.H. Philips, Judith Brown et al from the British universities of Cambridge, Oxford and London displayed a racial superiority comples in narrating the British wars of conquest and aggression in India as also in their assessment of British-Indian administrative set-up organized by the ruling race. We come across catching phrases like Whiteman s Providential Mission, Blessings of British Rule in India and Britains Christian duty in civilizing the uncivilized population in India and the world. The theme of modernization of India, under the aegis of British rule is still finding supporters in the Anglo-American universities. In fact, such writings appear an apologia for British imperial conquest of India and economic exploitation of Indias vast resources. Many Indian writers like Dadabhai Naroji, R.C. Dutt, S.N. Bannerjee, Tilak, Lajpat Rai and even some English writers like William Digby, Morris De Morris challenged the conclusions of British writers and drew attention to the “exploitative features” of British rule, of “infinite and increasing misery of Indian people” and of “aborted modernization” under British colonial rule. The debate on the theme, “British rule in India: A Blessing or a curse?” still continues.
A special feature of our book is that it mentions not only factual data about various topics but also gives information about different interpretations put forward by Western and Indian historians, with an integrated analysis. Still an additional plus feature is that at the end of every chapter Select Opinions of distinguished historians on the topic in question are reproduced.
Five New Appendices on contemporary developments have been added:
SHRAMEV JAYATE (May Day, 2007).
Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005.
Prime Ministers New 15 Point Programme for Welfare of Minorities, 2007.
Statewise Allocation of seats in State Legislatures.
Statewise Allocation of seats in Parliament.
The 22 Appendices provide lot of General Knowledge about Indian National Movement and Freedom Struggle, Indian Polity and Economy, current events of National and International importance etc. etc. and as such are useful for candidates preparing for the LA.S, and other competitive examinations. For example, in the LA.S, examination syllabus General Studies paper is a compulsory paper both in the Preliminary and Main examinations.
We hope the students will keep liaison with us.
Contents
1.
Decline and Disintegration of the Mughal Empire
1-20
2.
Achievements of the Early Peshwas
21-33
3.
Maratha Administration under the peshwas
34-40
4.
Anglo-French Rivalry in the Carnatic
41-48
5.
The Rise of the English power in Bengal
49-58
6.
Career and Achievements of Dupleix
59-63
7.
Clive’s Second Governorship of Bengal, 1765-67
64-69
8.
Warren Hastings, 1772-85
70-82
9.
Administrative Reforms of Cornwallis, 1786-93
83-91
10.
Lord Wellesley, 1798-1805
92-101
11.
Mysore Under Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan
102-107
12.
Lord Hastings and Establishment of British Paramountcy in India
108-116
13
Anglo-Maratha Struggle for Supremacy
117-125
14.
William Bentinck, 1828-35
126-131
15.
The Annexation of Sind
132-138
16.
Career and Achievements of Ranjit Singh
139-146
17.
The Panjab after Ranjit Singh and Anglo-Sikh Wars
147-153
18.
Lord Dalhousie, 1848-56
154-166
19.
Changes in Agrarian Structure: New Land Tenures and Land Revenue Policy
167-171
20.
Changes in Administrative Structure and Policies under the East India Company
172-182
21.
Tribal Revolts, Civil Rebellions, popular Movements and Mutinies, 1757-1856
183-186
22.
The Revolt of1857
187-202
23.
Administrative Reorganisation under the Crown, 1858-1947
203-209
24.
India Under Lytton and Ripon
210-219
25.
Lord George Nathaniel Curzon, 1899-1905
220-231
26.
Aoglo-Afghan Relations
232-242
27.
The North-West Frontier
243-247
28.
The Indian States
248-256
29.
History of the Growth and Development of Education in India
257-266
30.
The History of the Indian Press
267-272
31.
Cultural Awakening, Religious and Social Reforms
273-286
32.
Lower Caste Movements in Modern India
287-291
33.
The Growth and Development of the India National Movement
292-326
34.
Eminent National Leaders of India
327-338
35.
The Left Movements in India
339-343
36.
Growth of Industrial Working Class and the Trade Union Movement
344-347
37.
Peasant Revolts and Agrarian Movements
348-354
38
The Development; of Famine Policy
355-358
39.
The Growth of Local Self-Government in India
359-363
40.
Growth of the Constitution under the Company’s Rule
364-375
41.
Growth of the Representative Government in India
376-388
42.
The Road to Responsible Government-I
389-399
43.
The Road to Responsible Government-II
400-412
44.
The Transfer of Power
413-426
45.
Growth of Communalism and the Partition of India
427-436
46.
Indian Economy Under Colonial Rule
437-452
47.
The Constitution of the Indian Republic
453-459
48.
The Impact and Legacy of British Rule in India
460-468
49.
Nehruvian Era: First Phase of Independence 1947-64
469-483
50.
Literary, Artistic and Cultural Movements in Modern India
484-494
Appendices: General Knowledge for I.A.S. Exam. General Studies Papers
495-564
List of Maps with Descriptive Notes
42-224
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