Dr. Rakesh Bawa is associate Prof. in the subject of History at Guru Nanak Khalsa college Daroli Kalan Distt. Jalandhar. Completing his school education from the cities of Moga and Chandigarh he completed his Graduation from DAV College Chandigarh in 1989. He did his masters in the subject of History from Himachal Pradesh University and earned his Doctorate degree from Lovely Professional University Phagwara. He has published more than 10 research papers in various journals. He is author of a book entitled "Reel Life Real Life".
Cinema has been an integral part of life of people world over since its inception. In India also, this visual medium has enthralled one and all since the making of the first silent feature film Raja Harishchandra by Govindraj Dundiraj Phalke popularly known as Dada Saheb Phalke in 1913. Since then, Indian film industry has experimented with various genres restricting itself to a typical formula of making films which could appeal to the cine- goers emotionally. The early days of Indian film industry were the days of big production houses. These production houses had actors and technicians on their pay roll. The decade of 1930's and 1940's witnessed the making of films mainly in mythological genre. The decade of 1950's and to some extent the decade of 1960's saw various social issues being depicted in Cinema so as to produce a socially relevant Cinema, V.Shantaram pioneered this kind of Cinema, firstly in Marathi language and then in Hindi language. The likes of Mehboob Khan, Raj Kapoor, Bimal Roy and Guru Dutt carried forward this tradition and various social issues like Unemployment, Poverty, issues concerning women, migration, issues concerning farming community, class division and struggle etc, got depicted on celluloid. This decade was the golden age of Indian Cinema in the genre of socially relevant Cinema. Later on era of Amitabh Bachchan dominated Hindi film industry and the latest trend is to make independent Cinema. This book comprises six chapters in which we have taken the study of four select production houses (Mehboob Productions, R.K.Films, Guru Dutt Films Pvt. Ltd. And Bimal Roy Productions) to analyse the social issues which were represented in tha films made under these banners and a comparative study has been done to show the different styles of these film-makers. The first chapter is the one which gives an introduction to the Hindi Film industry. A brief history of notable production houses is given including the production houses which are part of our study. Chapter two deals with understanding relation between cinema history and society. Chapter three of our study is focussed on Cinema of Mehboob Khan specifically the films made under his banner in which social issues have been depicted. Six films of Mehboob Khan have been taken for the purpose of our study. These films are Najma (1943), Anmol Ghadi (1946), Elaan (1947), Andaz (1949), Amar (1954) and Mother India (1957). Chapter Four deals with the study of selected films made under the banner, R.K. Films. In total, eight films Awara (1951), Boot Polish (1953), Shri 420 (1955), Jaagte Raho (1956), Jis Desh Mein Ganga Behti Hai (1960), Satyam Shivam Sundaram (1978), Prem Rog (1982) and Ram Teri Ganga Maili (1985) have been chosen to study various social issues. Fifth chapter of our study is focussed on the Cinema of Guru Dutt where four films have been taken to analyse he style and presentation of various social issues in these films. Chapter Six deals with the films of Bimal Roy to understand the social message and issues as taken in the films of Bimal Roy. The films chosen for this purpose are Do Bigha Zameen (1953), Madhumati (1957), Sujata (1959), Parakh (1960) and Bandini (1963). Chapter Seven is the concluding chapter in which an effort has been made to compare the style and presentation of the film-makers which comprises our study. Some suggestions have been made so as to take the study of Cinema further. Our study is just a comparative study of four select production houses which could be extended further to include other production houses also.
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