Blogs

The Goddess of Royal Power and Grace - Kamala

Kamala (“she of the lotus”), is the last in the list of the Ten Mahavidyas (great revelations or manifestations), who are a group of Tantric goddesses. Kamala’s place as the last of the Mahavidyas is not addressed in the literature. Although it may be taken as signifying a lesser importance than the others, Kamala is one of the most widely worshipped outside of her relationship with the Mahavidyas. She is portrayed as auspicious and beautiful, with a lovely golden complexion. She is seated in a lotus posture upon a lotus flower. She has four hands—two holding lotuses and two held in signs of granting blessings and giving assurance. Iconography of Kamala illustrates her being bathed in nectar by two (sometimes four) large elephants. Kamala is represented in a similar manner to the very popular goddess Sri-Lakshmi, as Kamala and Sri-Lakshmi are considered to be the same goddess.

Published in Jun 2022

Must have Regionally Crafted Sarees from India

While the classic drape is always a favourite for women, sarees have been constantly given a touch of modern flavours, such as the traditional cotton and silk saree is now found in a variety of jute, nylon, rayon, georgette, chiffon, satin and also blended fabrics. Both classic and modern or fusion drapes find a place in every woman’s wardrobe. And with the online purchasing, love for this quintessential piece has grown even more. However, some sarees remain unnoticed by women who desire to flaunt the traditional attires. Hence, we have come up with ten regional sarees of India that you can add in your wardrobe and create a collection that showcases the brilliance of Indian craftsmanship.

Published in Apr 2022

The Murtis of Indic Civilization

“The murtis which God has given for worship by his command are of eight types [of materials]. God himself personally enters those murtis and resides within them. A devotee of God who worships those murtis should maintain the same respect for them as he does for the manifest form of God.”

Published in Apr 2022

Vishnu Sahasranamam: The Story Behind It

During a puja, have you at any point recited a mantra for ten minutes or multiple times? Most likely not! You might recall being told to recount it multiple times. Numerous Hindus have 108 in their passwords. Organizations have made extraordinary advertisements and logos with 108. However, for what reason is 108 seen as blessed? The response, very much like every other response you will get from your folks, is that it lies in math and science. Vedic sages, pre-dating current numerical equations, had everything sorted out! As per Vedic cosmology, 108 is the premise of creation, which addresses the universe and all our reality. In Hinduism, we accept that external cosmology should reflect our internal spirituality because we are all the same. It is said that the number 108 units address the distance between our body and the God that resides inside each one of us.

Published in Apr 2022

8 Best Tips to Buy Designer Sarees Online

Sarees have been an essential part of the Indian wardrobe since time immemorial. It’s a timeless garment that has been evolving as years passed by, and even today is one of the most elegant and voguish pieces of clothing owned by an Indian woman. A date with a special someone? A festival on the weekend? A college farewell? Sarees are there for every moment of your life!! A saree has the power to convert a girl next door into an artist’s muse! Everyone drapes a saree slightly differently and everyone’s body looks different in it. But women in sarees are like snowflakes. Unique yet beautiful in their own way. Designer sarees of today are an Indian girl’s best friend

Published in Apr 2022

A Lesson on Morality in the Hindu Mythology

India is known worldwide as a land of multiple cultures, customs, and traditions coexisting harmoniously with each other. Indian culture is rich and novel in its particular ways. In India habits and decorums, the style of correspondence, values, and convictions are indispensable parts of the way of life. Even though India has acknowledged the advanced method of living and individuals have further developed their way of life yet the customs and values are as yet unchanged. These practices, customs, and values together make India an exceptionally interesting country.

Published in Apr 2022

Traditional Indian Jewelry Pieces for the Desi Girl

Pieces of jewelry have been worn for a long time as a way to ramp up our appearance and to display one's status. From unrefined adornments produced using normal components like wood and grass to quality-made pieces utilizing valuable metals and gemstones to suit sovereignty, traditional Indian jewelry has been a method to add glam to a woman's outfit for a long long time. Fortunately today, we have a wide scope of styles to browse from. From modest outfit adornments to costly jewels and gold, neckbands, wristbands, and studs are made in each possible shape size, and structure.

Published in Apr 2022

Vishnu Puran- The Book of the Lord

Key themes include the creation of the universe, the genealogies of gods and sages, and the importance of dharma (righteousness). The text also emphasizes the significance of devotion (bhakti) towards Vishnu and explores various avatars of the deity, including well-known incarnations like Rama and Krishna. Overall, the Vishnu Puran serves as a spiritual guide, promoting the values of devotion, morality, and understanding of the divine. The Vishnu Purana is one of the eighteen Mahapuranas, the archaic text of Hinduism. It is a significant Pancharatra text in Vaishnavism. More than some other significant Purana, the Vishnu Purana presents its substance in Pancalaksana design - Sarga (cosmogony), Pratisarga (cosmology), Vamśa (ancestry of the divine beings, sages, and lords), Manvantara, and Vamśānucaritam (legends during the times of different rulers).

Published in Mar 2022

Heroic Tales of the Hindu God Vishnu

The article emphasizes key stories, such as Vishnu's efforts to restore dharma by defeating various demons and restoring balance. It also reflects on Vishnu's compassionate nature and his relationship with his devotees, illustrating his importance in promoting righteousness and guiding humanity through trials and tribulations. Overall, the article showcases Vishnu's enduring legacy in Hindu culture and spirituality. Hindu God Vishnu is the preserver and defender of the universe. His job is to return to the earth during adverse situations and re-establish the equilibrium between the good and the bad. Up to this point, he has incarnated multiple times, yet Hindus believe that he will be resurrected one final time before the end of this world as we know it. Hindu God Vishnu represents the preserver, the defender, and the sustainer of the world made by Brahma as well as the law of the Vedas.

Published in Mar 2022

The 10 Avatars (Incarnation) of Vishnu

Vishnu is the second god in the trifecta of divinities in Hinduism; which comprises three divine beings who are answerable for the creation, upkeep, and annihilation of the world. The other two divine beings are Brahma and Shiva. Brahma is the maker of the universe and Shiva is the destroyer. Vishnu is the preserver and defender of the universe. His job is to get back to the earth in grieved times and reestablish the equilibrium of good and malevolence. Up until this point, he has been embodied multiple times, however, Hindus accept that he will be resurrected one final time close to the doomsday.

Published in Mar 2022

Vishnu: Statue Types & Placement at Home

The Hindu God, Lord Vishnu, is the Supreme God of Vaishnavism and one of the three incomparable divinities (Trimurti) of the Hindu pantheon. He is otherwise called Narayana and Hari. As one of the five essential forms of God in the Smarta custom, he is considered as "the Preserver or the Protector" inside the Trimurti, the Hindu Trinity of Gods. In this blog, we will discuss in detail regarding the placement of Lord Vishnu statues so that happiness and riches are all that comes into your life.

Published in Mar 2022

Hindu Gods and Goddesses: Quick Guide to Key Deities

For thousands of years, the Hindu pantheon has inspired an enormous amount of artwork and storytelling of all kinds. Today, they not only create the central expression of spirituality for over a billion people, but they also give rise to countless movies, comic books, children stories, novels, video games, and epics. But of course, their most important role has been their ability to make the mystical truths accessible for Hindus. Through ritual practice and worship of these deities, we are made wiser and more whole.

Published in Mar 2022

The Rich History and Cultures of Rajasthan

The Rich History and Cultures of Rajasthan India is one of the most diverse and vibrant centers of human culture anywhere in the world. Every region has distinct features and a proud legacy of its people and traditions. The subcontinent’s tapestry of interconnected spiritual and artistic threads has given rise to the many wonders of India. Rajasthan is just such a region. It’s culture is known for its valor and bravery. Located in northwestern India, it makes up over 10 percent of the country’s landmass — making it the largest state. It contains within it some of the most remarkable treasures of humanity’s ancient past, as well as marvels that continue to enrich the world today. The cultures and traditions of Rajasthan are worth exploring. And here, we present you a guide to begin your introduction to this amazing place.

Published in Mar 2022

Sri Aurobindo – A Rishi whose spirituality was inseparably united with reason

Sri Aurobindo was an Indian nationalist, yogin, philosopher, scholar, and poet. Following his brief political career, during which he vehemently fought for India’s outright independence, Sri Aurobindo began to explore the ancient Hindu practices of yoga. Sri Aurobindo subsequently developed his own style of yoga which he called “Integral Yoga,” because it “takes up the essence and many processes of the old yogas” with a new approach of “aim, standpoint and the totality of its method”. Sri Aurobindo believed that enlightenment came from the Divine, but that human beings possess a spiritual “supermind” that allows them to reach upward toward awareness. Spiritual perfection is achieved through Yoga practices that lead to “a change of life and existence” through the development of a new power of consciousness, which he called the “supramental”.

Published in Feb 2022

The Rich History of Mathematics in the Indian Subcontinent

There is little known about the history of Indian mathematics; this is due to a small number of authentic records containing their mathematics. The first known mathematics was preserved in the city Mohenjo Daro, during the time of the Indus Valley Civilization. The Indus Valley Civilization is thought to have been settled around 2,500 B.C.E. Mathematics was found everywhere in Mohenjo Daro, from its advanced architecture to its methods of measurement, counting and weighing items. The Indus Valley Civilization rivaled the other great ancient civilizations of its time in both knowledge and architecture styles. Examples of their architectural advancements were their tiled bathrooms, brick buildings, and temples, which all required a high level of geometrical understanding.

Published in Feb 2022

Mirabai – A Bhakti Saint, Poet and Mystic

During the time of the medieval period (500CE to 1500CE), many bhakti or devotional groups in Hinduism develop. Several of these bhakti movements focus on the worship of Visnu, Siva and Devi. The notion of bhakti can be described as a “loving devotion to God”. The concept can also be defined as something that “signifies the self surrender of human beings to a personal god of love, who is also to be worshipped with love and adoration”. One of its common features is having a strong sense of emotionalism. In addition, many of the practices that are associated with bhakti are “choral singing [as] a form of worship” along with “processing with drums and cymbals”.

Published in Feb 2022

Ramakrishna Paramhansa – The Simple Yogi

Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa is to be considered one of the most profound figures in India’s history, probably the most celebrated mystic of all times. Unlike many people who centre their lives primarily around their outward actions and extrinsic influences, Sri Ramakrishna lived only for spirituality and his innermost thoughts. Solange Lemaitre remarks that, “his life is the muted accompaniment of the purely inner story of an exceptional soul and its spiritual steps towards the Absolute”. Over the years, Ramakrishna received great fame and admiration for his effortless ability to enter into samadhi [this is one of the Eight Limbs of Yoga; a spiritual state when one’s ego disappears, for more information, see Nikhilananda, his deep beliefs rooted in the Hindu tradition, and his teachings on acceptance and charity.

Published in Feb 2022

Ganesh Idol: Which one is Good for your Home?

Ganesha, the God of bliss, and great wellbeing is one of the most beloved of every Hindu god. Hindu practice lays a great deal of accentuation on revering Lord Ganesha, particularly before each propitious occasion. Numerous property holders regularly fail to remember the custom of putting the Ganesha idol at home and all the more significantly at the ideal locations. The right Ganesha idol at the right place at home draws in an overflow of riches, wellbeing and eliminates all adversities.

Published in Feb 2022

Lakshmi Mantra for Financial, Prosperity, Intelligence

Goddess Lakshmi is the Goddess of wealth and prosperity in Hindu mythology. The wife of Lord Vishnu, the preserver in the Hindu pantheon, Lakshmi is regularly summoned by businesspersons, legislators, and women who are searching for peace and prosperity in their personal and professional life. Born as sister to the moon and the Amrit, the remedy of eternality, she rises out of the stirring of the ocean of milk and takes the decision to marry Lord Vishnu. This article will guide you through the most powerful Lakshmi Mantras that help invoke the great Goddess, that will bring you peace and wealth

Published in Feb 2022

Ganesh Statue : Types and Home Placement

Lord Ganesha, also called Ganapati, elephant-headed Hindu lord of beginnings, is generally adored before any significant endeavour and is the benefactor of scholarly people, financiers, authors, and creators. His name implies both "Master of the People" (gana implies the average folks) and "Ruler of the Ganas". Ganesha is potbellied and by and large portrayed as grasping a couple of round Indian desserts, which he loves more than the whole wide world. His vehicle (vahana) is the huge Indian bandicoot rodent, which represents Ganesha's ability to beat anything to get what he needs. Like the rodent and elephant, Ganesha banishes all obstacles. In this article, we will know more about Ganesha statues and where they should be placed in our house-

Published in Feb 2022

Shiva and Parvati: Symbol of Love, Devotion, and Faithfulness

Shiva and Parvati are inseparable companions. A true devotee needs to venerate both and have equal adoration for both. On the off chance that one worships Shiva without worshipping Parvati, such worship will be in vain. The Lord won't acknowledge such a prayer. It is to show the world the significance that Shiva and Parvati hold in each other's life. This article is a deep dive into their beautiful relationship as a representation of Love, Devotion, and Faithfulness-

Published in Feb 2022

Marriage Story of Lord Vishnu and Goddess Lakshmi

It highlights the importance of their relationship in maintaining harmony in the universe, with Lakshmi representing wealth and abundance while Vishnu embodies preservation and protection. Overall, the article celebrates their marriage as a symbol of unity and the fulfillment of cosmic order. Lakshmi, the goddess of material abundance and wealth is seen in pictures in Hindu homes adorned in a red saree, embellished accessories, seated on a Lotus flower. She is depicted as an anxious, idiosyncratic yet maternal Goddess, blessing her devotees and granting them their wishes. Her husband, Lord Vishnu is one of the three of the supreme Gods of the Hindu pantheon (Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva).

Published in Feb 2022

Different Forms of Buddha: Where to Place at Home

After attaining the knowledge that he was seeking, the truth of human existence, Buddha remained in meditation. The fruit of his austerities was so sweet that he had his apprehensions about sharing it with the rest of the world. Brahma, a godhead in Hindu and Buddhist traditions descended from heaven and urged Buddha to let the world have a taste of his great knowledge. What came out of Buddha’s first sermon at Sarnath formed the basic tenants of Buddhism, which is not just a religion, but a guide, a path to follow in order to make one’s life meaningful. Buddha’s teachings soon became popular owing to their simplistic and practical nature. They taught his followers how to achieve the highest of all goals- Nibbana (nirvana) while also putting emphasis on non-violence, love for all living beings, from the largest to the tiniest life forms as a way to Nibbana.

Published in Jan 2022

Why Lord Shiva is worshipped in Linga Form?

One of the three paramount deities of the Hindu Pantheon, Lord Shiva or “the Auspicious One” is loved and revered in Shaivism (one of the three most powerful groups in contemporary Hinduism) as the Supreme God. In Hinduism, Lord Shiva in his linga form is revered by his worshippers. It is called the Shivling or Shivalinga. At the point when a Linga is introduced on a Yoni, it signifies the association of Shiva and Shakti - the start of creation. It is found at a temple’s focal point, resting in a rimmed, circle moulded yoni. This article will explain why Lord Shiva is worshipped in linga form. It will also dive deeper into other significant details about Lord Shiva in Linga form-

Published in Jan 2022

4 Powerful Ganesh Mantras for Success and Removal of Obstacles

Ganesh is one of the most beloved gods in the Hindu pantheon. He is instantly recognizable for his elephant head, with sculptures and artwork of him a common feature of many Hindu households. He is known as the son of none other than Shiva and Parvati, and he is the lord of beginnings as well as wisdom (Buddhi), spirituality (Siddhi), and prosperity (Riddhi). Due to his massive popularity, many people use a Ganesh mantra to help in day to day life. A mantra is a small phrase that can be repeated in a meditative state, bringing the power of a deity to work for you. Exotic India brings you four of the most powerful and popular, presenting each Ganesh mantra with meaning. We also give some advice on how to chant the mantra you choose to work with. The following guide is a great starting off point for those new to worshiping Ganesh, as well as a wonderful way to add to whatever offerings or prayers you are already giving the great Hindu god.

Published in Jan 2022

Types of Buddha Statues: Their Meaning and Importance

Gautama Buddha led an extraordinary life, leaving behind a pathway to liberation that is practical and action-oriented. What sages for thousands of years were saying in grand prose, the Buddha was able to distill into simple fables and easy to understand protocols that work to bring us out of the cycle of Samsara. As Buddhism reached across the globe, many adherents have made astounding art depicting the Buddha. And with so much variety, you might be wondering about different Buddha statue meanings. There are so many kinds of statues of this great teacher available — especially on such a large platform like Exotic India - that it’s worth taking the time to learn a bit about each. We’ve produced this helpful guide to help you understand the Buddha statues you see. As with any religious art, every detail is specifically meant to give new insights into the truth about existence and our place in it.

Published in Jan 2022

Laughing Buddha: Which One to Use and Where to Place?

Pot-bellied, laughing like a little child, Laughing Buddha is one of the most popular pieces when it comes to home décor. The Origin of the Laughing Buddha. According to Chinese tradition, he was a monk named Pinyin, who lived 1000 years ago and followed the path of Buddhist asceticism. He was jolly-natured and roamed from one place to another, carrying his earthly possessions in a small sack of cloth, spreading smiles and peace everywhere he went. His followers believe him to be the incarnation of Bodhisattva Maitreya or the future Buddha, born to help them with the problems of the current world.

Published in Jan 2022

Lord Shiva- Interesting Facts and His Avatars

Among the supreme deities of the Hindu pantheon, Lord Shiva is known to be the most remarkable. Shiva is frequently alluded to as the "destroyer", however, it is he who obliterates the adulterations taking shelter in the human psyche. He frees a body of its deficiencies and makes it deserving of accomplishing moksha. It is he who is responsible for obliteration on the grounds that if the 'old' doesn’t perish, the 'new' wouldn't have the option to take birth.

Published in Jan 2022

The Spiritual Aspect of the Sanskrit Language

Perhaps the most significant part of human social existence and interaction that we are aware of today is language. Despite years of research into numerous languages and their sources, scientists have yet to discover another species on the planet capable of communicating in the same way that humans do, sharing abstract ideas and conceptual representations solely through words. Since ancient times, India's Hindu religion has paid special attention to how language is used in everyday life, and how it can express ideas, thoughts, impressions, beliefs, and other complex concepts that cannot be proved in any other way. The language was so important to Hindus that they incorporated it directly into their spiritual practices, and it became yet another medium for reaching their ultimate goal, moksha: realization of the Ultimate Truth within oneself.

Published in Jan 2022

Mantras – A Complex Amalgamation of Sacred Sounds

Mantras are a complex feature of the Hindu tradition that people sometimes do not understand all that well. Different mantras are used for different things. “For India, Mantras are real, palpable, mental artifacts to be revered and mastered, to be used or misused. Mantras are very important in religion but they are not completely significantly religiously they have other significance also. Mantras are important for religious and non-religious purposes. The history of mantras can be extensively related to Indian people’s religious life. One way of defining mantras is that they are sacred utterances, that are uttered sometimes daily, and sometimes for special occasions. There are formal and also informal definitions of mantras. Mantras are used in a variety of contexts. Hinduism sees certain mantras as only being useful for certain things. Each mantra has a specific function with a specific time and place for use. The Hindu tradition sees mantras as effective because they are believed to be useful and powerful. There are Vedic, Puranic, and Tantric mantras. Certain types are used to achieve some sort of escape from hardships from outside nature. There are certain mantras that are used to cope with the daily up and downs of everyday life. Besides these, there are also mantras that address the problems of the whole of human nature. Scholars debate whether mantras are language. The Rig Veda has several mentions of mantras. It is hard to understand mantras when you are not immersed in Indian life but it is possible if we try, it is just more difficult.

Published in Jan 2022

Mudras – Beyond Marks and Gestures

Mudras, which mean "seal," "mark," or "gesture" in Sanskrit, are claimed to heighten the results of our yoga or meditation practise and improve energy flow. But, how does it operate, and when should we utilise it? Mudras have been around for thousands of years and can be found in a variety of religions and traditions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Egyptian hieroglyphics, Tantric rites, Roman art, Asian martial arts, Taoism, and Indian classical dance. Depending on the tradition, the goal of these hand motions can range from concentrating subtle energies to communicating teaching through symbols, acting as a tool for treating illness, and even assigning magical powers and psychic abilities to the practitioner! Mudras, on the other hand, are a type of nonverbal communication that can be described as an "external expression of inner resolve."

Published in Jan 2022

Shakyamuni – The Becoming of Buddha

There are many Buddhas in Buddhism, despite the fact that we typically refer to them as "the Buddha." Furthermore, the numerous Buddhas have a variety of names and shapes, as well as multiple responsibilities. The name "Buddha" literally means "one who has awakened," and every such enlightened human is considered a Buddha in Buddhist teaching. Furthermore, the term Buddha is frequently used to refer to the notion of Buddha-nature. However, there is one historical figure who is commonly referred to as the Buddha. In Mahayana Buddhism, Shakyamuni Buddha is the name given to the historical Buddha. Mahayana Buddhism is not a single group but a collection of Buddhist traditions: Zen Buddhism, Pure Land Buddhism, and Tibetan Buddhism are all forms of Mahayana Buddhism.

Published in Jan 2022

The life of Vardhamana Mahavira – 24th Tirthankara of Jainism

Known by different names like Vardhman, Veer, Ativeer, Mahaveer and Sanmati, the life of Mahavira witnessed an era when an increasing number of people chose to abandon their normal lives and embark on a life of roving mendicancy. Even he chose to forsake a life of luxury and become an ascetic. Mahavira was taken in a parade to a vast park, where he disembarked from a palanquin, plucked out his hair in five handfuls, and removed all of his decorations and clothing, according to several sources. Some sources suggest that he stayed naked after that, while others believe the gods granted him a particular piece of clothing that he wore until it got snagged on a thorny bush and he spent the rest of his life naked because he didn't notice it was gone. The two narratives differ in an apparently insignificant aspect, yet they indicate a major doctrinal difference between the Digambara, or sky-clad, and the Svetambara, or white-clad, Jain traditions. The first tradition contends that nudity is required to fully fulfil the mendicant vow of nonattachment, whilst the second disagrees, claiming that basic white mendicant garb does not violate the vow.

Published in Jan 2022

Goddesses from the Vedas : Prithvi, Ushas, and Ratri

Worship of natural phenomena has dominated Hindu religious practice since its origin. Many natural phenomena are seen to have feminine properties and it is these properties which led to the centralization of goddess worship. Some feminine traits abundant in nature include fecundity, fruitfulness, and fertility present in the earth, mothers and cows. Another feature common in goddess worship is their ability to uphold rta, cosmic order. All these common features of nature are prominent in three of the main goddesses in Vedic literature; Prthivi the earth, Usas the dawn, and Ratri the night.

Published in Jan 2022

Hanuman – A Great Warrior Who Played a Crucial Role in the Ramayana

Agni, the god of fire, blessed him with immunity to fire. Surya, the sun god, gave him the power to change the size of his body. Yama blessed him with good health and immortality. Vishwakarma, the divine architect, offered a boon that he would be safe from all objects of his creation. Invincible and immortal are the words primarily associated with him. He is Hanuman. Hanuman is one of the many deities of the Hindu tradition. He is regarded as the monkey-general of a mythic monkey kingdom, known as Kiskindha. In Hindu tradition, Hanuman is most commonly known for his role in the Ramayana, in which he is a great ally to Rama and Laksmana . The Ramayana describes how Hanuman was devoted to Rama and willingly set off to Lanka to search for Sita. Rama is unable to go himself; he had been expelled from the city for his 14-year exile. Earlier in the Ramayana, Rama had said that “everywhere, even among the animals, can be found good creatures that follow the ways of righteousness, that are brave and provide a sure place of refuge”.

Published in Jan 2022

Kubera - the Treasurer of the Gods and King of Yaksha

In the Satapatha Brahmana, he is the lord of thieves and criminals, and these are but a few different titles he possesses. Despite having various titles and responsibilities, he is often associated with having a lesser role in Hindu mythology in relation to other deities. However, this does not mean that Kubera does not have a rich history and importance within the mythological realm of the Hindu tradition. One of the main reasons that Kubera is not regarded as being a prominent deity is due, in part, to the lack of images and monuments dedicated to him. When he is depicted in images, which mostly come from the Himalayan regions, Kubera has a large potbelly and he holds a mongoose that vomits jewels when he squeezes it.

Published in Jan 2022

Sita – Hindu Goddess of Courage and Purity

Most of us were introduced to the story of Rama and Sita in this manner: “And so Rama rescued Sita from the clutches of Ravana and they returned to Ayodhya on the Pushpaka Vimanam. And then Rama was crowned king and they lived happily ever after.” But who really is Sita as an individual? Sita is the principal female character in the Ramayana, an Indian epic said to have been composed by the sage Valmiki. Her name means “furrow”, a reference to her birth story where her father found her in a field after ploughing. Rama, the hero of the story, won the right to marry Sita when he succeeded in stringing and breaking Siva’s bow. Sita accompanied Rama back to his home and, when Rama was banished to the forest instead of being crowned king, decided to go with him because it was her Dharmic duty to stay with her husband.

Published in Jan 2022

Pratyabhijna and the Recognition that all is Shiva

Pratyabhijna and the Recognition That All is Shiva The Pratyabhijna is a school of thought or a religious and philosophical system in the Kashmir Shaivism sect of Hinduism, where the god Shiva is recognized and revered as the supreme being and reality. This school of thought is believed to have been established in the ninth century CE and was founded by Somananda. His work, the Sivadrsti, serves as the foundation and cornerstone of the philosophy. The term Pratyabhijna is a Sanskrit word that refers to an act of recognition. It actually originates from the well-known work entitled Isvara Pratyabhijna Karika, which was written by Utpaladeva, who was the son and follower of Somananda,. In a literal sense, the word Pratyabhijna is comprised of the words prati, which means “something once known now appearing as forgotten”, abhi, which means “immediate”, and jna, meaning “to know”. As such, it is said that the Pratyabhijna not only means a simple act of recognition but actually a direct knowledge of oneself.

Published in Jan 2022

Singing the Song of God Through the Bhagavad Gita

The Bhagavad Gita is a portion of the Mahabharata, which is not only a legendary epic but one of the most important pieces of literature in Indian culture. The Bhagavad Gita itself is one of the most well-known texts in Hinduism. It is also known by other names, including Hari Gita, Ananta Gita, and Iswara Gita. The name Bhagavad Gita is Sanskrit and means “song of god”, which others have also referred to as “the Divine Song”, “the word of God”, and “Celestial Song”, among others. As its name suggests, the Bhagavad Gita is regarded as among the holy scriptures in Hinduism. It is also frequently referred to by the shortened name of Gita. The Bhagavad Gita is comprised of seven hundred verses of Hindu scripture. All of these verses are included from the twenty-third up to the fortieth chapters of the Bhishma Parva, which is the sixth book of the Mahabharata. These verses are believed to have been composed sometime between the first and second century CE. As with the rest of the Mahabharata, it is believed that the sage Vyasa narrated the Bhagavad Gita to the deity Ganesha, who then wrote the actual verses using his broken elephant tusk.

Published in Jan 2022

The Path to Moksha: Most Important Concepts in Hinduism

The Path to Moksha Moksha is one of the most important concepts in Hinduism. Also called mukti, vimoksha, and vimukti, it is based on the belief in dukkha and samsara and refers to the freedom from these two notions. Before one can comprehend moksha, one first needs to understand what both dukkha and samsara are. To put it simply and succinctly, within the Hindu faith, dukkha is related to suffering, sorrow or distress that one unavoidably experiences in life. This suffering can be in the form of injury, disease, and aging, among others. Dukkha or suffering in life cannot be avoided but can be overcome through personal understanding and enlightenment. On the other hand, samsara refers to the belief in reincarnation. It pertains to the cyclical nature of life, where one experiences birth, death, and rebirth. For Hindus, this is a very important concept and one that is related to the idea of karma.

Published in Dec 2021

The Heroics of Hanuman - Symbolism of a Beloved Hindu Deity

There are undoubtedly numerous icons and figures in Hinduism and in Indian culture. While the gods and goddesses always take precedence, another significant figure is that of Hanuman. Hanuman is a famed companion of the god Rama and takes the form of a divine monkey. As such, stories about Hanuman can be found in the Ramayana, which is one of the most important epics in Indian culture. Aside from being the companion of Rama, another one of his roles is that of the commander of the monkey army. The precise definition of the name Hanuman seems to be unclear. However, legend has it that one morning, Hanuman flew into the sky in order to grab the sun, which he mistook for a fruit. This act led Indra, who is the king of the gods, to strike Hanuman on the jaw with a thunderbolt, thus breaking and disfiguring his jaw. The name Hanuman emerged from this as it means “one having a disfigured jaw”. Hanuman is also referred to by many other names, including Hanumat, Anuman, Anjaneya, Kesarisuta, and Kapeeshwara, among others.

Published in Dec 2021

Apsaras, the Ethereal Entertainers

Apsaras, the Ethereal Entertainers In Hinduism, the equivalent of angels and nymphs are what’s called the apsaras. The word apsara is Sanskrit and refers to a feminine spirit of the clouds and waters. When translated to English, apsara means “celestial nymph” or “celestial maiden”. Aside from angels and nymphs, apsaras are often compared to the muses of ancient Greece. More specifically, apsaras are considered heavenly singers and dancers. However, they were originally thought to be water nymphs that would provide sensual pleasure to the gods, as well as to men. It is believed that apsaras, along with the celestial musicians that are referred to as Gandharvas, dwell in the heavens, together with Indra who is known as the lord of the heavens. The apsaras are actually believed to be the wives of the Gandharvas. Together, they are considered to be among the court servants of Indra.

Published in Dec 2021

The Meaning of Bhakti in Hinduism

An important aspect of Hindu faith is known as bhakti. In Hinduism, bhakti refers to an individual’s personal love for and devotion to a god. The word bhakti itself is Sanskrit and is literally defined as “love, devotion, fondness, attachment, worship, homage”, among other words with similar connotations. However, it is said that there is truly no direct translation of what bhakti genuinely means and that no English word can adequately encompass what it represents. Also, there can be some minor differences when it comes to nuanced meanings of bhakti and how one applies it in life. In ancient scriptures, the word bhakti simply refers to a type of participation or dedication to an endeavor or undertaking. This type of definition for bhakti can be seen in the Shvetashvatara Upanishad. However, in the Bhagavad Gita, bhakti refers to a spiritual path and a possible way for one to achieve moksha. When describing bhakti as a spiritual path, it is more specifically referred to as bhakti marga or bhakti yoga. When particularly used in the context of faith and religion, bhakti more closely means a type of devotion to a god or a spiritual principle or idea that one lives according to. It calls for a relationship between a god and a devotee.

Published in Dec 2021

Tripura Sundari : The Ultimate Goddess

While many scholars refer to Hinduism as pantheistic - worshiping many gods - this can be an ignorant view. In reality, all the gods and goddesses, along with everything that is and isn’t, are united into one emanation. For Shaktism, a prominent denomination of Hinduism, this uniting, all-encompassing deity is named Tripura Sundari, though she has many names. She is called: Rajarajeshwari, Shodashi, and Lalita. The list goes on, with certain texts giving us a thousand names for the goddess. It might strike some readers as uncommon that a goddess is given this position as the all-enfolding deity from which all others come. But, like so many conceptions of the one god around the world, she encompasses all genders, all species, all states of being. There is nothing that is not represented in her image.

Published in Dec 2021

The Great Goddess : Who Is Lakshmi

The goddess (or devi) is one of the most frequently depicted and worshiped of all the Hindu deities. The colorful stories of her deeds and the exquisite art reflecting her image are a phantasmagoria of endless pleasure. Her influence has spread to religions across the continent, beginning in Hinduism and entering Jainism and Buddhism. But it is the Hindu version of Lakshmi that has made the most lasting and important impression on the spiritual development of humanity. To understand Lakshmi in all her infinite variety, we must take a tour through many of the most powerful strains of Hindu thought. And we must come to appreciate and recognize what is, perhaps, the founding archetype of all human spirituality. When we take the time to do this, Lakshmi acts as a portal to riches both material and immaterial, gold of the earth and of the soul.

Published in Dec 2021

Nine Forms of Goddess Parvati Consort of Lord Shiva

Parvati, the Hindu goddess of love, devotion, beauty, marriage, and fertility, is of course, among the most important and revered deities in the Hindu faith. Given all that she represents, it is certainly no surprise. As the goddess of love, she’s known to be an especially benevolent figure. She is likewise revered as the Mother goddess in Hinduism, who is known to be kind, gentle, nurturing, and loving. She is considered to be a voice of reason, freedom, strength and encouragement. However, there are also aspects of her that are destructive, violent, fierce and ferocious. Her contrasting natures show Parvati as a figure who is able and willing to adapt to Pratima or reality and what the circumstances call for or require from her as the mother goddess. The name Parvati comes from Sanskrit and means “daughter of the mountains” or “she of the mountains”. A fitting name for Parvati who is, in fact, the daughter of Himavat. Himavat is considered to be the very embodiment of the Himalayan mountains and his wife Mena is said to originate from the asparas, which is a group of female cloud and mountain spirits. Aside from the name Parvati, the goddess of love is called by many other appellations, including Uma, Shailaja, Girirajaputri, Haimavathi, Lalitha, Gowri, Aparna, and Shivakamini, just to name a few.

Published in Dec 2021

Lakshmi, the Goddess of Wealth and Fortune

Evidence of Lakshmi’s long history is proven by the presence of her first hymn, the Shri Shukta in the Rig Veda, which is not only the most revered sacred scripture but it is also the oldest, originating between 1000 and 500 B.C. A further indication of Lakshmi’s longstanding presence and influence within the Hindu faith was the archaeological discovery of ancient coins that signify reverence of Lakshmi. The ancient coins are believed to have come from as far back as the first millennium BCE. Aside from this, and perhaps even more importantly, icons and statues of Lakshmi are located inside different Hindu temples all over Asia, which are also believed to have originated from as long ago as the second half of the first millennium BCE.

Published in Dec 2021

Chola Art and Architecture: Bronze Sculptures and Magnificent Stone Temples

The Chola Dynasty marks the ninth to thirteenth centuries in Indian history. During the centuries prior, the Cholas were one of the three powerful, ruling families in South India. It is unknown precisely when the Chola family began rising in power and influence. However, by the middle of the ninth century, the Chola family had asserted and secured its position as the ruling family, dominating the region. From then on, the Cholas built a vast empire that would eventually last for four centuries. The Cholas were commanding warriors, wielding mighty military and political power. At the height of their power, during the eleventh century, the Chola empire ruled the greater part of South India, all the way to Sri Lanka and the Maldive islands. Their diplomatic influence stretched all the way to present-day Myanmar, Malaysia, and China. However, in addition to their military and political influence, they also had a vast and significant influence on culture and the arts.

Published in Dec 2021

The Goddess Saraswati, Patron of Knowledge and Arts

The name Saraswati comes from the combination of the Sanskrit words saras, which can mean “pooling water” and can also be interpreted as meaning “speech”, and the word vati, which means “she who possesses”. Her name, therefore, has two literal translations. It can mean “she who has pooling water” or “she who possess speech”. Fittingly, the goddess Saraswati was originally associated with an ancient river that was also called Saraswati. In the Vedas, the river Saraswati was not only mentioned far more often than any other significant body of water but it was also the most revered. With regard to Saraswati as “she who possesses speech”, it is said that Saraswati is the inventor of the Sanskrit language.

Published in Dec 2021

The Timeless Style of the Salwar Kameez

Indian fashion is not just all about beautiful and colourful saris. While it may be among the most widely known apparel with Indian origins, there are other significant forms of clothing and styles in Indian fashion. The Salwar Kameez is one of these. The article on the timeless style of the salwar kameez explores the origins and evolution of this traditional Indian outfit. It highlights the salwar (loose trousers) and kameez (tunic) as a versatile and comfortable attire suitable for various occasions. The piece discusses its roots in Punjabi culture and how it has adapted over time, becoming popular across India and beyond. The article also emphasizes the variety of styles, fabrics, and embellishments available, making the salwar kameez a favored choice for both casual and formal wear. Additionally, it notes the influence of modern fashion, with designers incorporating contemporary elements while preserving the outfit's cultural significance. Overall, the salwar kameez is celebrated as a blend of tradition and modernity, symbolizing both comfort and elegance.

Published in Dec 2021

The Enduring Art of Pattachitra

India is a country rich in art and culture. Among the most unique, exquisite, and intricate forms of art is the Pattachitra. The name of this art form comes from the Sanskrit word patta, which means “cloth” and chitra, meaning “picture”. As the name describes, Pattachitra refers to art in the form of pictures or paintings illustrated on cloth. Considered as one of the oldest art forms that still exists to this day, Pattachitra is believed to have originated from as early as the twelfth century. The traditional art form is popular and practiced predominantly in the Indian states of Odisha and West Bengal. Those who create Pattachitra paintings are known as chitrakars. Pattachitras were originally produced for use in rituals, as visual accompaniments during the performance of songs, and as mementos for temple pilgrims. They commonly depict icons from Hindu tradition, religious stories, mythological narratives, especially those inspired by the Lord Jagannath and the Vaishnava sect in Hinduism, as well as folktales.

Published in Nov 2021

Skanda – The War God Son of Shiva

Also known as Kumara, Subrahmanya, and Murukan, Skanda “has been hunter, warrior, philosopher… He is teacher… He is the eternal child as old as time itself”. Obeyesekere writes that Skanda is viewed as possessed of having six faces, twelve arms, and riding a peacock. Throughout Skanda’s history, he has been worshipped for several different reasons. He has been worshipped “as a god of hill and hunt… and avenger of ananku and cur, malevolent spirits of the hills”. During the Cankami period of Tamil India “Murukan was known … as the lord of the hunt”. According to Clothey, he has also been worshiped in South India as the son of Siva. Through this several other deities related to vegetation and hunting embodied the name Murukan. Clothey also writes that the name Murukan has become commercialized with an array of different industries using his name, for songs and films.

Published in Nov 2021

The purpose behind Idol Worship in Hinduism

The blog "The Purpose Behind Idol Worship in Hinduism" discusses the significance and symbolism of idol worship in Hinduism. The various stories and myths associated with the gods and goddesses in Hinduism offer guidance on how to lead a virtuous and fulfilling life. By following the examples set by the gods and goddesses, Hindus are able to cultivate a sense of morality and ethics. The various gods and goddesses in Hinduism are seen as protectors and guides who can offer comfort and solace during difficult times. By offering prayers and making offerings to the gods and goddesses, Hindus are able to find comfort and support in times of need.

Published in Nov 2021

Handloom Jamdani – Pure Fine Muslin Sarees

Jamdani is a vividly patterned, sheer cotton fabric, traditionally woven on a handloom by craftspeople and apprentices around Dhaka. Jamdani textiles combine intricacy of design with muted or vibrant colours, and the finished garments are highly breathable. Jamdani is a time-consuming and labour-intensive form of weaving because of the richness of its motifs, which are created directly on the loom using the discontinuous weft technique. Weaving is thriving today due to the fabric’s popularity for making saris, the principal dress of Bengali women at home and abroad. The Jamdani sari is a symbol of identity, dignity and self-recognition and provides wearers with a sense of cultural identity and social cohesion. The weavers develop an occupational identity and take great pride in their heritage; they enjoy social recognition and are highly respected for their skills. A few master weavers are recognized as bearers of the traditional Jamdani motifs and weaving techniques, and transmit the knowledge and skills to disciples. However, Jamdani weaving is principally transmitted by parents to children in home workshops. Weavers – together with spinners, dyers, loom-dressers and practitioners of a number of other supporting crafts – form a closely knit community with a strong sense of unity, identity and continuity.

Published in Nov 2021

Lord Krishna and Yashoda Maiya - The Dharmic Ideals of Familial Relationships

The Hindu deity Krishna is a highly regarded and popular god in Hinduism, known to hold the title of svayam bhagavam (The Supreme Personality of Godhead). The myths of Krishna are displayed in several Hindu texts, primarily in the Bhagavad-Gita, where he epitomizes the ideals of both karma and dharma. The myths depicting Krishna and his adoptive mother Yasoda elaborate on these karmic and dharmic ideals by showing Krishna as the quintessential son and Yasoda in the image of the perfect mother. In the Bhagavad-Gita, Krishna “performs actions without attachment, and so persons should do the same. He also cautions against indecisiveness and inaction, which is a form of ‘doing’ and carries with it karmic consequences”.

Published in Nov 2021

The Marble Arts of India – Instrument of Dynamic Expression

Prevalent in ancient and contemporary art alike, marble artworks have a prominent place in many major art movements and are among some of the most famous sculptures in the world. For millennia, artists have opted for marble, a metamorphic rock, due to its soft, easy-to-carve composition and the translucence of its surface. In ancient Mesopotamia, marble was used to create crude models of animals (both naturalistic and anthropomorphic) and figures, though other mediums like limestone, diorite, and terra-cotta were used more frequently. Similarly, ancient Egyptians artistically employed a wide variety of stone. While limestone and granite were their mediums of choice, they occasionally used marble to craft figures of pharaohs, gods, and guardians for temples and tombs. Like the Mesopotamian figures that came before, these pieces are primitive in design, showcasing flat and stylized silhouettes rather than realistic forms or lifelike details.

Published in Nov 2021

Buddhism and the Middle Way to Nirvana

Originating in India two thousand years ago, Buddhism is one of the world’s oldest religions. With approximately four hundred seventy million Buddhists, it is also one of the largest religions in the world. Buddhism first began with Siddhartha Gautama, who is considered to be its founder. A former prince who evolved into a spiritual leader, he was born Siddhartha Gautama and died Gautama Buddha or Lord Buddha, which means “enlightened”. His revelations and teachings became the very foundation of Buddhism. After his death, Buddha’s followers continued to spread his teachings and developed a religious movement that would spread throughout the world, especially across East and Southeast Asia.

Published in Nov 2021

The Four Vedas : Sacred Scriptures of Hinduism

The Vedas are ancient Hindu text that are considered to be the most holy scriptures. One could say that the Vedas to Hindus is akin to what the Bible is to Christians. The sacred scriptures found in the Vedas are considered to define the truth for Hinduism. The word Veda itself is Sanskrit for “knowledge” or “wisdom”. While no one can say precisely when the Vedas were composed, most scholars accept that the Vedas originate from somewhere between 1500-1200 BCE, making them the oldest text of the Hindu religion. These sacred scriptures are said to have been introduced to India by the Aryans. Being truly sacred, Hindus believe that god himself imparted the Vedas to scholars. As such, Hindus think of the Vedas as being apauruseya or in other words, “not of man but supernatural”. The scholars then passed on the holy words of god. For many centuries, the sacred scriptures were entirely passed on and spread to Hindu believers by word of mouth.

Published in Nov 2021

The Mahabharata: The World’s Longest Epic Poem

The Mahabharata is a vital source of knowledge and insight on the evolution of the Hindu faith, particularly between 400 BCE and 200 BCE. The great epic is considered by many Hindus as both a historical piece of literature, narrating past events in the itihasa genre, but also as reference text about dharma or Hindu moral law. Along with the major and minor storylines narrated in the Mahabharata, as well as the grand battles, it also includes philosophical discourse and devotional material, including the Purusartha, which is known as the four goals of life. The Mahabharata is so significant in Indian tradition and Hinduism that it is sometimes considered the fifth Veda.

Published in Nov 2021

The Ramayana: The Epic Journey of Rama

The Ramayana is one of the most significant works of Indian literature, alongside the Mahabharata, and also very significant in Hinduism. The epic poem was the work of Maharishi Valmiki, who wrote it in Sanskrit. While the exact year it was written is unknown, many scholars believe that it was likely not written any earlier than 300 BCE. Not much is also known about Valmiki himself. However, it is believed that he may have been a thief who was named Ratnakara. He then evolved into a sage and become known as Valmiki, the poet who is renowned for his epic work creating the Ramayana.

Published in Nov 2021

Buddha’s Path to the Middle Way

Before he was universally known as Buddha, he was born Siddhartha Gautama. His first name, Siddhartha, means “he who achieves his aim.” While there is debate about the exact period in time when he was born, it is commonly believed to be somewhere around the sixth to fourth century B.C. Siddhartha was born Lumbini, which is the present-day Nepal, to a wealthy and aristocratic family. It is believed that his father was a chieftain or oligarch of the large Shakya clan and that his mother had passed away just a few days after he was born. Aside from Siddhartha, he was also frequently called Sakamuni, which translates to the “Sage of the Shakyas.”

Published in Nov 2021

Ganesha: The Elephant God in the Room

One of the most well-known deities in Hindu tradition is Ganesha, who is depicted as an elephant headed god. The name Ganesha means the “Lord of the People.” Ganesha is the son of Shiva, one of the main gods in the Hindu trimurti, and his consort Parvati. There are a few different legends that explain the birth of Ganesha. According to one, Parvati created her son out of a piece of cloth, which she asked Shiva to bring to life. However, another popular myth tells the story of how Parvati was taking a bath and molded the dirt that she was rubbing off of herself into the shape of a child, who then came to life. Upon seeing the boy, either Shiva or one of his attendants cut the child’s head off.

Published in Nov 2021

The Hindu Conception of Time - Yugas

Time is a very important concept for many of the world religions, and for the Hindu tradition the concept of time is explained through yuga. The concepts of the yugas were first mentioned in the popular Mahabharata epic, as well as the Manusmriti. The cycle of time is divided up into four different sections. Each section is known as a yuga, or time period. Each successive period brings the world into a greater state of decreased dharma, because through each cycle the earth gets further and further away from the Absolute. Within every subsequent era there is less order, cosmic law, and the life expectancy of humans is shortened. A metaphor commonly used to explain this dharma is the image of a bull. In the very beginning of the cycle, the animal is strong and sturdy.

Published in Nov 2021

The Meditation Challenge - Live a Conscious Life

One does not need many instructions to learn how to meditate. One does, however, need a lifetime of practice. We’ve experimented with various things: lighting incense, making prayer, giving offerings. Yet always at the core was the simplest of all things. To appreciate the power of simplicity is one of the most important gifts meditation has given me.

Published in Nov 2021

The Taj Mahal: An Enduring Landmark of Love

Among all the many temples and landmarks throughout India, the Taj Mahal is undoubtedly the most iconic and internationally recognized of them all. See a photograph of the Taj Mahal and one automatically thinks of India. Not only is it a widely recognized monument but it is, in fact, considered as one of the greatest architectural achievements in all of Indo-Islamic culture.

Published in Nov 2021

Vedas: The Ancient Texts of the Eternal Order

The word ‘Veda’ is derived from the root vid (to know). Also known as Sruti (what is heard), Vedas are a vast body of sacred and esoteric knowledge concerning the eternal spiritual values that have been handed down to posterity by oral tradition. Vedas were revealed to the great ones called rishis (men of wisdom, sages) in the depths of their meditation. The Hindu religious traditions have accorded the Vedas the highest place in its canonical literature. As such, they are revered, as the basic scriptures of Hinduism. It is difficult to fix the date of the Vedas. The widely accepted period is that of the Harappa-Mohanjo Daro culture (4000 b.c) to a later phase of the Vedic culture. This places the date of Rig Veda, the earliest of the Veda, around 10,000 B.C. Vedas are groups of mantras and chants containing religious and spiritual insights. They have been mainly utilised in the performance of yagnas and yagas (sacrifices), which were the most common form of early Vedic religion.

Published in Nov 2021

Know The Creator : Lord Brahma In Hinduism

Brahma One of the most significant gods in Hinduism is Brahma. In fact, Brahma is considered the first god and the creator among the three gods that comprise the Hindu triumvirate or trimurti. This Hindu triad also includes the gods Shiva and Vishnu. The god Brahma must not be confused with brahman, which is a spiritual, metaphysical concept and believed to be the supreme force that is present in all things. However, these two are said to be closely intertwined. Hindu scholars suggest that the god Brahma actually originates from the concept of brahman and is the very personification or visible representation of the brahman principle.

Published in Nov 2021

Ten Incarnations and Thousand Names : The Glory of Sri Vishnu

Vishnu is one third of the gods in the holy Hindu triumvirate, along with Brahma and Shiva. Considered the second god, Vishnu is known as the preserver or the pervader. In Sanskrit, Vishnu means all pervasive or “the one who is everything and is inside everything” and therefore, is essentially, the essence of all beings. While Brahma is referred to as the creator and Shiva as the destroyer, the Hindu Trimurti is completed by Vishnu who is considered to be the supreme being that protects and preserves the universe. He has further been described as the master of the past, present and future, and the god who sustains and governs the universe and develops all the beings within it. Vishnu is, therefore, also referred to as Paramatman or supreme soul and Parameshware, which means supreme god.

Published in Nov 2021

How Samsara Works : The Cycle of Death and Rebirth

Samsara is one of the most important beliefs in India. And because of the influence and spread of Indian spiritual beliefs around the world — it has become one of the most important beliefs globally. Many have heard this word, but how many of us have grasped its full meaning? And how can we use this idea to live more meaningful, fulfilling lives? To answer this, we must answer the simple question: what is Samsara? To understand this important concept, we will look at its definition. But we will also look at how it plays into two of the most beautiful religions on earth: Hinduism and Buddhism. Then, we will try to take what we’ve learned and bring it home with us, so that the idea can take flight in our own lives.

Published in Nov 2021

Mahabharata: The Ancient Lore of War and Virtues

Mahabharata is one of the greatest epics of India, which has captivated the hearts of its people for several millennia. Whether it is literature –both Sanskrit and vernacular- arts, crafts, paintings, music, dance and drama, or temple motifs, no aspect of Indian culture has escaped the stamp of their influence. It is believed, according to studies on preserved Hindu oral traditions that the great war took place during 3139 B.C. Modern historians, however, have attributed a much later date, 1424 B.C or 950 B.C. Interpreted on the mundane plane, the Mahabharata deals with the realistic account of a fierce fratricidal war of annihilation with its interest centred on the epic characters. The meaning on the ethical plane views the Mahabharata war as a conflict between the principles of dharma and adharma, between good and evil, between justice and injustice, in which the war ends in the victory of dharma.

Published in Nov 2021

Shiva Tandava : The Holy Mysteries of the Dance

Shiva is known the world over as a god of awe-inspiring and terrible power. For many Hindus, he is the god of destruction, rending the universe and bringing existence back to emptiness when the Yuga cycle comes to its completion. In this role, Shiva is an essential element of the godhead, clearing the way for the universe to renew itself. Much like the Death card of the Tarot, his role is a source of horror for those clinging to the way things are, but he is also a necessary harbinger of the new universe. Famously, Shiva accomplishes his destruction through his tandava — also called Tāṇḍava natyam — a dance he performs to bring the universe to darkness. But Shiva’s tandava has many other purposes as well. He dances through the entire cycle of the lifespan of the universe. From its creation to its preservation and, finally, to its end, the tandava accompanies and makes possible all three phases. The tandava is described in many texts, including most notably the Natya Shastra. In this tome on performing arts, elements of the dance are described.

Published in Oct 2021

Pattachitra; An Ancient Folk Art that Reflects the Ethos of India

Traditional art is an aspect of people's culture, with skills and knowledge passed down through generations. It largely spread through word of mouth or by following in the footsteps of a cultural group. Patta painting is regarded, as an important form of Odia painting, which developed in the 12th century at the Jagannath temple in Puri. Jagannath temple has been a centre of Orissan art and culture. Puri and Raghurajpur are considered a realm of myths and gods, as well as folklore of Pattachitra. This style evolved under the patronage of the Ganga kings and the Bhoi Dynasty's king. The painting's objective was to popularize the Jagannath worship among the millions of pilgrims that visited Puri. The origin of the Patachitra paintings can be traced back to the 8th century AD and, is considered as one of the earliest forms of indigenous paintings. The term Pattachitra is derived from the Sanskrit words patta, which means canvas, and Chitra, which means painting. Thus, Pattachitra creates a scroll painting on canvas that is manifested, by rich colourful application, innovative motif and designs, and depiction of a simple theme, generally mythological in depiction.

Published in Oct 2021