Essentials of Sama Veda and its Music (Sanskrit Text with Transliteration and English Translation)

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Item Code: NAE899
Author: R. L. Kashyap
Publisher: Sri Aurobindo Kapali Sastry Institute Of Vedic Culture
Language: English
Edition: 2024
ISBN: 8179940470
Pages: 72
Cover: Paperback
Other Details 8.5 inch X 5.5 inch
Weight 100 gm
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Book Description

About The Author

Dr. R.L. Kashyap is Professor Emeritus of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Purdue University, Lafayette, Indian in USA. He had his Master’s degree from Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore and obtained Ph. D from Harvard University. He is the recipient of many International awards. Recently he has received ‘Vedanga Vidvan’ award instituted by Maharshi Sandipani Vedavidya Pratishthan (Ujjain), and autonomous body of HRD, Govt. of India and ‘Jnana Keerti’ award instituted by Harsha Kriya Foundations, Bangalore.

He has authored more than 350 research articles of which 220 are published in scholarly journals and the rest were presented at conferences. He has guided above 50 doctoral students.

He has written extensively on Veda. Some of his widely read books on Veda are: ‘Krishan Yajur Veda Taittiriya Samhita, ‘Rig Veda-First Mandala’, ‘Rig Veda-Third Mandala’, ‘Rig Veda-Fourth Mandala’, ‘Rig Veda-Fifth Mandala’, ‘Rig Veda-Sixth Mandala’, Rig Veda-Tenth Mandala’, ‘Sama Veda-Purvarchika’, ‘Why Read Rig Veda’, ‘Rudra Mantras’, ‘Essentials of Atharva Veda’, ‘Essentials of Yajur Veda’, ‘Work Enjoyment & Progress’ etc. He is the Honorary Director & Trustee of Sri Aurobindo Kapali Sastry Institute of Vedic Culture, Bangalore.

 

Introduction

Sama Veda Samhita is the third in the traditional sequence of four Vedas. All its mantras are risks in some specified metres with names such as Gayatri, Anushtubh etc.

Sama Veda is the earliest known systematic procedure for giving a melody to a verse meant for chanting. Most persons who have heard with devotion the singing of Sama Veda verses will attest to the sense of exhilaration or ecstasy experienced by them. It is no wonder that the famous poem Bhagavad Gita in the epic Mahabharata declares that the Sama Veda is the best among the four Vedas. Each Sama Veda mantra contains in it not only the deep meaning of music. Sama Veda is the Foundation for all systems of music in the subcontinent of India. Note however that mantras in Sama Veda are different from the mantras in the other 3 Vedas in one way. In the other 3 Vedas, a mantra is chanted as the text indicates. However this is not the case in Sama Veda.

Sama Veda Samhita, in reality, has two parts. The first part consists of the text of the rik mantras which are to be sung. It is properly called Sama mantra Samhita. The second part of Sama Veda gives the text or text for singing. Thus every mantra in the first part, is expanded to yield one or more Samagana mantras. Note that there are also several Samagana mantras which do not have a source rik mantra.

Now, only the book of the mantras of the first part is accessible, with relative ease namely the edition of the Pandit Sripad Damodar Satavalekar having 1875 mantras. The book having the text of the Samagana mantras, is available only in specialized libraries. Hence even the so-called experts call the book with only the first part as the entire Sama Veda.

 

Note to the Readers

We are happy to present to our readers the second edition of, ‘Essentials of Sama Veda & Its Music’. This book on Sama Veda complements our three other books namely, Essentials of Rig Veda, Essentials of Atharva Veda and the Essentials of the Shukla and Krishna Yajur Veda.

This book has 32 chapters divided into 3 parts. The Part 1 having 10 chapters’ deals with the general information given here is not original, the presentation of this body of knowledge in a compact from is a highlight of this book.

The chapter 19 is particularly interesting because of the use of relatively advanced mathematics in devising a scheme for detecting the errors in the pronunciation of accents during chanting.

Part III having 13 chapter deals with the psychological powers associated with the various deities occurring in Sama mantras and the text and meaning of the associated mantras. Note that symbolism is an integral part of the meaning behind these mantras. The psychological powers associated with the deities such as the will-power, clarity of mental operations, inspiration can be developed with the help of these mantras. Understanding the meanings of words in a mantra and their deeper meanings is of great help in this process.

 

Contents

 

(i) Notes to the Readers V
(ii) Our New Book: 'Sama Veda: Purva Archika' v
(iii) Abbreviations v
(iv) Transliteration Scheme vi
Part I Structure of Sama Veda and its Connections  
1 Introduction 1
2 Mantra Types and Overlap in the 4 Collections 2
3 Sama and Rig Veda 4
4 Structure of Sama Veda Book 5
(i) Purva Archika  
(ii) Uttara Archika  
5 Recensions and Kandarshis 7
6 Rishis 8
7 Associated Brahmana Books 9
8 Upanishads 9
9 Some Well-known Samaganas 10
10 Commentators, Translators & Editors 11
Part II Sama Chants and Music  
11 Preliminary Preparations before Chanting 12
12 Elements of Chanting 13
13 Details of Svara 15
14 Text of the Song and Text of Yoni Mantra 19
15 The most widely known Sama Chant 21
16 Sama Veda, The Seven Notes 23
17 Musical Instruments 25
18 Bhakti Divisions of a Saman Mantra in a rite 25
19 Mathematics of Error Detection in Chants and Error 26
  Correcting Codes in Computers  
Part III Gods and Mantras with Meanings and Text  
20 Gods 28
21 Agni 30
22 Savitr and Surya 33
23 Indra, the Lord of Divine Mind 35
24 Sarasvati, Goddess of Inspiration : SV (189) 38
25 Vishnu Mantras : SV (1669-1674) 39
26 Mantras for Purification of the Mind and Body 43
27 Mitra and Varuna 45
28 The Lords of Bliss: Ashvins 48
29 Soma, the Lord of Delight 50
30 Brahmanaspati 51
31 Purusha Sukta (5 Mantras) 53
32 Shanti Mantras : SV (1874,1875) 56
  Appendix 1 : Error Detection 57
  Appendix 2 : More on Accent Marks 60

 

Sample Pages





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