This book aims to be a comprehensive introduction to the Buddhist tradition as it has developed in three major cultural areas in Asia, and to Buddhism as it is now developing in the West. It is intended to be a textbook for students of Religious or Asian Studies, but will also be of interest to those who want a general survey of Buddhism and its beliefs.
Unlike many other general books about Buddhism, it not only explores the world-views of the religion but also seeks to show how Buddhism functions as a set of practices. It thus includes chapters on devotion, ethics, monastic practice (of nuns as well as monks) and meditation, and relates each of these to Buddhist teachings and historical developments. While describing thought and practice, the book sets out at the same time to convey something of the emotional tone or 'flavour' of Buddhism; and emphasizing as it does the diversity found within different Buddhist traditions, it aims throughout to highlight the common threads of belief, practice and historical continuities which unify the Buddhist world.
Dr Harvey has sought to answer questions that are often asked by people on first meeting the tradition, and has tried, where appropriate, to relate Buddhism to modern ways of thinking, while taking account of the most recent scholarship in the field. In his section on Nirvana the author offers a novel interpretation of this ultimate, transcendent mystery.
Peter Harvey is a Senior Lecturer in Religious Studies and Philosophy at Sunderland Polytechnic. He is a member of the Pali Text Society, the International Association of Buddhist Studies and the Samatha Trust.
An Introduction to Buddhism
This book aims to be a comprehensive introduction to the Buddhist tradition as it has developed in three major cultural areas in Asia, and to Buddhism as it is now developing in the West. It is intended to be a textbook for students of Religious or Asian Studies, but will also be of interest to those who want a general survey of Buddhism and its beliefs.
Unlike many other general books about Buddhism, it not only explores the world-views of the religion but also seeks to show how Buddhism functions as a set of practices. It thus includes chapters on devotion, ethics, monastic practice (of nons as well as monks), and meditation, and relates each of these to Buddhist teachings and historical developments. While describing thought and practice, the book sets out at the same time to convey something of the emotional tone or "flavour" of Buddhism; and emphasizing as it does the diversity found within different Buddhist traditions, it aims throughout to highlight the common threads of belief, practice, and historical continuities which unify the Buddhist world.
Dr. Harvey has sought to answer questions that are often asked by people on first meeting the tradition, and has tried, where appropriate, to relate Buddhism to modern ways of thinking, while taking account of the most recent scholarship in the field. In his section on "Nirvana" the author offers a novel interpretation of this ultimate, transcendent mystery.
Peter Harvey is a Senior Lecture in Religious Studies and Philosophy at Sunderland Polytechnic. He is a member of the Pali Text Society, the International Association of Buddhist Studies, and the Samatha Trust.
List of illustrations | Page xi | |
Acknowledgements | xiii | |
List of Abbreviations | xiv | |
A note on Language and pronunciation | xx | |
Introduction | I | |
1 | THE BUDDHA AND HIS INDIAN CONNTEXT | 9 |
Background to the life of the Buddhist | 9 | |
The life of the Buddha | 14 | |
The nature and style of the Buddha's teaching | 29 | |
2 | EARLY BUDDHIST TEACHINGS: REBIRTH AND KARMA | 32 |
Rebirth and cosmology | 32 | |
Karma | 39 | |
Belief in rebirth and karma | 44 | |
3 | EARLY BUDDHIST TEACHINGS : THE FOUR HOLY TRUTHS | 47 |
The First Holy Truth: suffering | 47 | |
The Second Holy Truth: the origin of suffering | 53 | |
The Third Holy Truth: Nibbana | 60 | |
The Fourth Holy Truth: the Path | 68 | |
4 | EARLY DEVELOPMENTS IN BUDDHISM | 73 |
The early Sangha | 73 | |
Emperor Asoka and Buddhism | 75 | |
Devotion and symbolism in early Buddhism | 77 | |
The Abhidhamma | 83 | |
The early schools and their doctrines | 85 | |
The rise of the Mahayana | 89 | |
5 | MAHAYANA PHILOSOPHY | 95 |
The Perfection of Wisdom literature and the Madhyamaka school | 95 | |
The Yogacara school | 104 | |
Tathagata-garbha thought | 113 | |
The Avatamsaka Sutra and the Hua-yen School | 118 | |
6 | MAHAYANA HOLY BEINGS | 121 |
The path of the Bodhisattva | 121 | |
The Mahayana Buddhology | 125 | |
The Mahayana pantheon | 129 | |
The Tantric perspective | 133 | |
7 | THE LATER HISTORY AND SPREAD OF BUDDHISM | 139 |
Buddhism in India and Central Asia | 139 | |
Sri Lanka | 141 | |
South-east Asia excluding Vietnam | 143 | |
The lands of Northern Buddhism | 144 | |
China | 148 | |
Vietnam and Korea | 159 | |
Japan | 161 | |
8 | BUDDHIST PRACTICE: DEVOTION | 170 |
Focuses and locations of devotional acts | 170 | |
Bowing, offerings and chanting | 172 | |
The refuges | 176 | |
Attitudes to images | 179 | |
Protective chanting | 180 | |
Devotion to Avalokitesvara | 182 | |
Devotion to Amitabha | 187 | |
Devotion to Bhaisajya-guru | 189 | |
Devotion to the Lotus Sutra | 190 | |
Pilgrimage | 190 | |
Festivals | 191 | |
9 | BUDDHIST PRACTICE: ETHICS | 196 |
The role and basis of ethics in Buddhism | 196 | |
Giving | 198 | |
Keeping the precepts | 199 | |
Lovingkindness and compassion | 209 | |
Care for the dying and the dead | 211 | |
The ethics of social relationship | 213 | |
10 | BUDDHIST PRACTICE: THE SANGHA | 217 |
The role of monasticism | 217 | |
Patterns of ordination | 220 | |
Nuns | 221 | |
The monastic code of discipline | 224 | |
The economic base of the monastic life | 229 | |
Study and meditation | 231 | |
Communal life | 236 | |
Relations with the laity | 240 | |
11 | BUDDHIST PRACTICE: MEDITATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF WISDOM | 244 |
The approach to meditation | 244 | |
The practice of Calm meditation in Southern Buddhism | 246 | |
The practice of Insight meditation in Southern Buddhism | 253 | |
The classical path of Calm and Insight in Northern and Eastern Buddhism | 257 | |
Pure Land visualizations | 258 | |
Tantric visualizations | 260 | |
Tantric techniques of spontaneity | 268 | |
Zen meditation | 270 | |
12 | THE MODERN HISTORY OF BUDDHISM IN ASIA | 280 |
Communist Asia: Buddhism under a cloud | 280 | |
The continuing tradition and its modern varieties | 283 | |
Recovering old ground | 296 | |
13 | BUDDHISM BEYOND ASIA | 300 |
Scholarship | 300 | |
The influence of Buddhism through literature and philosophy | 302 | |
The Theosophical Society: a bridge between East and West | 303 | |
Immigration, foreign wars and travel | 304 | |
Buddhist missions and organizations | 307 | |
Appendix on Canons of Scriptures | 322 | |
Notes | 325 | |
Bibliography | 326 | |
Indices | 344 |
This book aims to be a comprehensive introduction to the Buddhist tradition as it has developed in three major cultural areas in Asia, and to Buddhism as it is now developing in the West. It is intended to be a textbook for students of Religious or Asian Studies, but will also be of interest to those who want a general survey of Buddhism and its beliefs.
Unlike many other general books about Buddhism, it not only explores the world-views of the religion but also seeks to show how Buddhism functions as a set of practices. It thus includes chapters on devotion, ethics, monastic practice (of nuns as well as monks) and meditation, and relates each of these to Buddhist teachings and historical developments. While describing thought and practice, the book sets out at the same time to convey something of the emotional tone or 'flavour' of Buddhism; and emphasizing as it does the diversity found within different Buddhist traditions, it aims throughout to highlight the common threads of belief, practice and historical continuities which unify the Buddhist world.
Dr Harvey has sought to answer questions that are often asked by people on first meeting the tradition, and has tried, where appropriate, to relate Buddhism to modern ways of thinking, while taking account of the most recent scholarship in the field. In his section on Nirvana the author offers a novel interpretation of this ultimate, transcendent mystery.
Peter Harvey is a Senior Lecturer in Religious Studies and Philosophy at Sunderland Polytechnic. He is a member of the Pali Text Society, the International Association of Buddhist Studies and the Samatha Trust.
An Introduction to Buddhism
This book aims to be a comprehensive introduction to the Buddhist tradition as it has developed in three major cultural areas in Asia, and to Buddhism as it is now developing in the West. It is intended to be a textbook for students of Religious or Asian Studies, but will also be of interest to those who want a general survey of Buddhism and its beliefs.
Unlike many other general books about Buddhism, it not only explores the world-views of the religion but also seeks to show how Buddhism functions as a set of practices. It thus includes chapters on devotion, ethics, monastic practice (of nons as well as monks), and meditation, and relates each of these to Buddhist teachings and historical developments. While describing thought and practice, the book sets out at the same time to convey something of the emotional tone or "flavour" of Buddhism; and emphasizing as it does the diversity found within different Buddhist traditions, it aims throughout to highlight the common threads of belief, practice, and historical continuities which unify the Buddhist world.
Dr. Harvey has sought to answer questions that are often asked by people on first meeting the tradition, and has tried, where appropriate, to relate Buddhism to modern ways of thinking, while taking account of the most recent scholarship in the field. In his section on "Nirvana" the author offers a novel interpretation of this ultimate, transcendent mystery.
Peter Harvey is a Senior Lecture in Religious Studies and Philosophy at Sunderland Polytechnic. He is a member of the Pali Text Society, the International Association of Buddhist Studies, and the Samatha Trust.
List of illustrations | Page xi | |
Acknowledgements | xiii | |
List of Abbreviations | xiv | |
A note on Language and pronunciation | xx | |
Introduction | I | |
1 | THE BUDDHA AND HIS INDIAN CONNTEXT | 9 |
Background to the life of the Buddhist | 9 | |
The life of the Buddha | 14 | |
The nature and style of the Buddha's teaching | 29 | |
2 | EARLY BUDDHIST TEACHINGS: REBIRTH AND KARMA | 32 |
Rebirth and cosmology | 32 | |
Karma | 39 | |
Belief in rebirth and karma | 44 | |
3 | EARLY BUDDHIST TEACHINGS : THE FOUR HOLY TRUTHS | 47 |
The First Holy Truth: suffering | 47 | |
The Second Holy Truth: the origin of suffering | 53 | |
The Third Holy Truth: Nibbana | 60 | |
The Fourth Holy Truth: the Path | 68 | |
4 | EARLY DEVELOPMENTS IN BUDDHISM | 73 |
The early Sangha | 73 | |
Emperor Asoka and Buddhism | 75 | |
Devotion and symbolism in early Buddhism | 77 | |
The Abhidhamma | 83 | |
The early schools and their doctrines | 85 | |
The rise of the Mahayana | 89 | |
5 | MAHAYANA PHILOSOPHY | 95 |
The Perfection of Wisdom literature and the Madhyamaka school | 95 | |
The Yogacara school | 104 | |
Tathagata-garbha thought | 113 | |
The Avatamsaka Sutra and the Hua-yen School | 118 | |
6 | MAHAYANA HOLY BEINGS | 121 |
The path of the Bodhisattva | 121 | |
The Mahayana Buddhology | 125 | |
The Mahayana pantheon | 129 | |
The Tantric perspective | 133 | |
7 | THE LATER HISTORY AND SPREAD OF BUDDHISM | 139 |
Buddhism in India and Central Asia | 139 | |
Sri Lanka | 141 | |
South-east Asia excluding Vietnam | 143 | |
The lands of Northern Buddhism | 144 | |
China | 148 | |
Vietnam and Korea | 159 | |
Japan | 161 | |
8 | BUDDHIST PRACTICE: DEVOTION | 170 |
Focuses and locations of devotional acts | 170 | |
Bowing, offerings and chanting | 172 | |
The refuges | 176 | |
Attitudes to images | 179 | |
Protective chanting | 180 | |
Devotion to Avalokitesvara | 182 | |
Devotion to Amitabha | 187 | |
Devotion to Bhaisajya-guru | 189 | |
Devotion to the Lotus Sutra | 190 | |
Pilgrimage | 190 | |
Festivals | 191 | |
9 | BUDDHIST PRACTICE: ETHICS | 196 |
The role and basis of ethics in Buddhism | 196 | |
Giving | 198 | |
Keeping the precepts | 199 | |
Lovingkindness and compassion | 209 | |
Care for the dying and the dead | 211 | |
The ethics of social relationship | 213 | |
10 | BUDDHIST PRACTICE: THE SANGHA | 217 |
The role of monasticism | 217 | |
Patterns of ordination | 220 | |
Nuns | 221 | |
The monastic code of discipline | 224 | |
The economic base of the monastic life | 229 | |
Study and meditation | 231 | |
Communal life | 236 | |
Relations with the laity | 240 | |
11 | BUDDHIST PRACTICE: MEDITATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF WISDOM | 244 |
The approach to meditation | 244 | |
The practice of Calm meditation in Southern Buddhism | 246 | |
The practice of Insight meditation in Southern Buddhism | 253 | |
The classical path of Calm and Insight in Northern and Eastern Buddhism | 257 | |
Pure Land visualizations | 258 | |
Tantric visualizations | 260 | |
Tantric techniques of spontaneity | 268 | |
Zen meditation | 270 | |
12 | THE MODERN HISTORY OF BUDDHISM IN ASIA | 280 |
Communist Asia: Buddhism under a cloud | 280 | |
The continuing tradition and its modern varieties | 283 | |
Recovering old ground | 296 | |
13 | BUDDHISM BEYOND ASIA | 300 |
Scholarship | 300 | |
The influence of Buddhism through literature and philosophy | 302 | |
The Theosophical Society: a bridge between East and West | 303 | |
Immigration, foreign wars and travel | 304 | |
Buddhist missions and organizations | 307 | |
Appendix on Canons of Scriptures | 322 | |
Notes | 325 | |
Bibliography | 326 | |
Indices | 344 |